本研究旨在探討個人分手後關係信念、分手後正負向情感與成人依附風格、心理幸福感的關聯性，並進一步瞭解在分手後關係信念對心理幸福感的影響中，分手後正負向情感與成人依附風格的中介角色。本研究採用問卷調查法收集494份有效樣本。問卷包含分手後關係信念量表（正面懷念、負面評價）、分手後正負向情感量表（正向情感、負向情感）、成人依附風格量表（安全型依附、焦慮型依附、逃避型依附、排除型依附）、心理幸福感量表（自我接納、正向關係、自主、環境精熟、生活目的、個人成長），作答方式皆為Likert六點量尺。研究使用描述性統計、t檢定、變異數分析、積差相關與PROCESS等方法進行分析，主要結果如下：
1. 研究對象在分手後關係信念的分量表間有顯著差異，負面評價高於正面懷念。
2. 研究對象於分手後正負向情感的分量表間有顯著差異，正向情感高於負向情感。
3. 不同性別、分手距今時長、分手方式、是否有新戀情等背景變項在分手後關係信念與分手後正負向情感上有顯著差異。
4. 個人分手後關係信念、分手後正負向情感、成人依附風格、心理幸福感之間有顯著相關。
5. 成人依附風格與分手後正負向情感在分手後關係信念對心理幸福感的影響中，具有中介效果。
基於以上結論，研究者提出對於個人、實務工作者與未來研究方向之建議，以供參考。

The purposes of this research were to explore the relationship among personal relationship beliefs after breaking up, positive/negative affect after breaking up, adult attachment styles, and psychological well-being, and moreover to investigate, the mediating role of positive/negative affect and adult attachment style between personal relationship beliefs and psychological well-being after breaking up.
In this study, 494 valid samples were recruited and filled out the questionnaires. The major results were as following:
1. There was a significant difference between the subscales of personal beliefs after breaking up: negative evaluations were higher than positive misses.
2. There was a significant difference in the subscales of positive/ negative affect after a breakup: positive affect was higher than negative affect.
3. Demograpgic variables such as gender, the time since the breakup, the way of breaking up, whether or not there is a new relationship etc., had significant differences on the personal relationship beliefs and on the positive/negative affect after the breakup.
4. There presented significant correlations among personal relationship beliefs after breaking up, positive/negative affect after breaking up, adult attachment style and psychological well-being.
5. Positive/ negative affect and adult attachment style had a notably mediating effect between the personal relationship beliefs and the psychological well-being after a breakup.
According to the results, suggestions were offered to the practitioners of counseling and future studies.

第一章 緒論....................................1
第一節 研究動機................................1
第二節 研究目的................................3
第三節 研究問題................................4
第四節 名詞解釋................................5
第二章 文獻探討................................7
第一節 分手後關係信念之意涵與相關研究................................7
第二節 分手後正負向情感之意涵與相關研究..............................14
第三節 成人依附風格之意涵與相關研究................................18
第四節 心理幸福感之意涵與相關研究................................23
第五節 分手後關係信念、正負向情感與成人依附風格、心理幸福感之相關研究...26
第三章 研究方法................................31
第一節 研究假設................................31
第二節 研究對象................................34
第三節 研究工具................................36
第四節 資料分析................................53
第四章 研究結果與討論................................54
第一節 個人分手後關係信念與正負向情感之現況.........................54
第二節 不同背景變項的個人在分手後關係信念與正負向情感的差異分析.......60
第三節 個人分手後的關係信念、正負向情感與成人依附風格、心理幸福感之關聯
性................................66
第四節 成人依附風格、分手後正負向情感對分手後關係信念與心理幸福感之關係
的中介效果................................70
第五章 結論與建議................................87
第一節 研究結論................................87
第二節 建議................................91
參考文獻................................94
附錄一 成人依附風格量表授權同意函................................103
附錄二 心理幸福感量表授權同意函................................104

王慶福 （1995）。大學生愛情關係徑路模式之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所博士論文。
王慶福（2002）。分手的調適與改變歷程及評量工具之發展與研究（1/2）。國科會專題研究計劃期中報告，NSC90-2413-H-040-001-SSS。
王慶福，林幸台，張德榮 （1996）。愛情關係發展與適應之評量工具編製。中國測驗學會測驗年刊，43，227-240。
王慶福、王郁茗（2007）。分手的認知及調適之評量研究。中華心理衛生學刊， 20（3），205-233。
王慶福、林幸台、張德榮（1997）。人際依附風格、性別角色取向與人際親密能力之評量。中國測驗學會測驗年刊，44（2），63-77。
吳宣瑩（2008）。時間是最好的良藥—無法從失戀中順利復原者之困頓經驗研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立交通大學教育研究所碩士論文，新竹。
呂坤政（2007）。因第三者介入之青年男性分手失落經驗與悲傷復原歷程（未出版之碩士論文）。國立嘉義大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文，嘉義市。
李仁豪、余民寧（2016）。心理幸福感量表簡式中文版信效度及測量不變性：以大學生為樣本並兼論測量不變性議題。中華輔導與諮商學報，46，127-154。
李佩怡（1996）。台灣地區大學生失落事件、失落反應與調適行為之描述性研究—以北部四所大學為例。中華心理衛生學刊，9（1），27-54頁。
林一真（2000）。貝克焦慮量表（中文版）。台北市: 中國行為科學社.
林秋燕（2003）。失戀歷程及復原力展現之分析研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
施建彬、陸洛（譯）（1997）。幸福心理學（原作者：Michael Argyle）。台北：巨流。
柯淑敏（2001）。兩性關係。台北：揚智。
修慧蘭、孫頌賢（2003）。大學生愛情關係分手歷程之研究。中華心理衛生學刊，15（1），71-92。
高旭繁、黃子琳（2013），不同依附風格者分手後因應方式之差異：以復原力為調節變項。玄奘社會科學學報，11，37-72。
教育部國語辭典簡編本（2021）。檢自：http://dict.concised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/jbdic/gsweb.cgi?ccd=JUW.IP&o=e0&sec=sec1&index=1
梁鳳珠（2012）。教師教學信念之影響因素分析。教育研究論壇，3（2），157-172。
陳心怡（2000）。貝克憂鬱量表第二版指導手冊。台北：中國行為科學社。
陳月靜（2001）。大學生愛情關係分手的研究。通識教育年刊，3，29-42。
陳李綢、蔡順良（2009）。中學生生活適應量表指導手冊。台北：心理。
陳秀菁、吳麗娟、林世華（2004）。大學生的共依附特質、人際親密能力與親密感之相關研究。教育心理學報，36（2），145-164。
陳寶釵（2006）。五個役男兵變的故事。輔仁大學社會工作學系碩士論文，新北市。
賀照緹（2000）。分手豐年祭。張老師月刊，4，128-131。
黃俊傑（2008）。 心理學新典範—談正向心理學。國教之友，2，58-65。
黃政昌、王蔚竣（2008）。大學生心理健康量表—篩選性評估（MHSU-SA）。臺北市：心理。
趙慧敏（2005）。青少年分手後的個人因應、社會支持與心身健康之關聯性探討。東吳大學心理學系碩士論文，台北市。
劉玫英（2011）。大學生愛情中的愛情關係攻擊、愛情關係滿意度與依附風格之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立交通大學教育研究所碩士論文，新竹。
鄭麗月（2001）。情緒障礙量表指導手冊。臺北市：心理。
賴妮蔚（2006）。有分手經驗之不同性別大學生依附風格傾向與分手經驗之相關研究。台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系在職進修碩士論文，台北市。
魏郁潔、江承曉（2009）。大學生分手調適能力之團體成效研究。嘉南學報（人文類），35，367-381。
羅子琦、賴念華（2010）。大學生走出愛情分手困頓經驗之心理歷程研究。家庭教育與諮商學刊，9，1-32。
蘇逸珊（2002）。大學生依附風格、情緒智力與人際關係之相關研究。屏東師範學院教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，屏東市。
Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. （1978）. Patterns of attachment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. An Exploratory Study of Resilience. Journal of College Student Development, 45, 207-221.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. （1980）. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Amato, P. （2010）. Research on Divorce: Continuing Trends and New Developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72（3）, 650-666.
Argyle, M. & Crossland, J. （1987）. Dimensions of positive emotions. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 127-137.
Argyle, M. （2001）. The Psychology of Happiness, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
Arnett, Jeffrey & Žukauskienė, Rita & Sugimura, Kazumi. （2014）. The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18-29 years: Implications for mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1, 569-576.
Banse, Rainer （2004）, Adult Attachment and Marital Satisfaction: Evidence for Dyadic Configuration Effects. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21 （2）, 273 – 282.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. （ 1991）. Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. （1991）. Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
Berry, Katherine & Barrowclough, Christine & Wearden, Alison. （2007）. A review of the role of adult attachment style in psychosis: Unexplored issues and questions for further research. Clinical psychology review, 27, 458-75.
Birnbaum, G. E., Orr, I., Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. （1997）. When marriage breaks up: Does attachment style contribute to coping and mental health? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14（5）, 643–654.
Bowlby, J. （1988）. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J.（1973）. Attachment and loss: Vol.2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. （1998）. Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes （Eds.）, Attachment theory and close relationships （pp. 46-76）. New York: Guilford Press.
Brenner, R. E., & Vogel, D. L. （2015）. Measuring thought content valence after a breakup: Development of the Positive and Negative Ex-Relationship Thoughts （PANERT） scale. Journal of counseling psychology, 62（3）, 476–487.
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. （1976）. The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
Campbell, L., Simpson, J. A., Boldry, J., & Kashy, D. A. （2005）. Perceptions of conflict and support in romantic relationships: the role of attachment anxiety. Journal of personality and social psychology, 88（3）, 510–531.
Chen, S. （2001）. The role of theories in mental representations and their use in social perception: A theory-based approach to significant-other representations and transference. Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton Symposium on the Legacy and Future of Social Cognition. （pp. 125-142）. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
D’Amdrea, M. （1990）.Testing the validity of a four-factor model of personal loss. （ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED 322 488）.
DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Deckman, T., & Rouby, D. A. （2011）. Forbidden fruit: inattention to attractive alternatives provokes implicit relationship reactance. Journal of personality and social psychology, 100（4）, 621–629.
Diener E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. （1999）. Subject well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125（2）: 276-302.
Diener, E. （1984）. Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95（3）, 542–575.
Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. （2008）. Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. （2002）. Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13（1）, 81–84.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. （1985）. The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49（1）, 71–75.
Diener. E & Ryan. K （2009） .Subjective well-being: a general overview, South African. Journal of Psychology, 39（4）, 391-406.
Ellis, A. （1955）. What is REBT? Retrieved on 25/05/2021 from http://www.rebtnetwork.org/
Ellsworth, P. C., & Scherer, K. R. （2003）. Appraisal processes in emotion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith （Eds.）, Handbook of affective sciences, 572-595. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Fazio, R.H. and Zanna, M.P. （1981） Direct Experience and Attitude-Behavior Consistency. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 161-202.
Field, T., Diego, M., Pelaez, M., Deeds, O., & Delgado, J. (2009). Breakup distress in university students. Adolescence, 44, 705–727.
Fletcher, G. J. O., & Kininmonth, L. A. （1992）. Measuring relationship beliefs: An individual differences scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 26, 371-397.
Fletcher, G. J. O., & Thomas, G. （1996）. Close relationship lay theories: Their structure and function. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness （Eds.）, Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach （p. 3–24）. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. （1988）. The relationship between coping and emotion: Implications for theory and research. Social Science & Medicine, 26（3）, 309–317.
Gómez-López, M.; Viejo, C.; Ortega-Ruiz, R. Well-being and romantic relationships: A systematic review in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Int J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2415–2446.
Harlow, H. F. （1958）. The nature of love. American psychologist, 13（12）, 673.
Hawley, A.R., Mahoney, A., Pargament, K., & Gordon, A.K. （2015）. Sexuality and spirituality as predictors of distress over a romantic breakup: Mediated and moderated pathways. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2（2）, 145–159.
Hayes, A. F. （2012）. PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. （1987）. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. （1987）. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. （1994）. Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5（1）, 1-22.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. （1994）. Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5（1）, 1-22.
Higgins, E. T., & Kruglanski, A. W. （1996）. Social psychology : Handbook of basic principles. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Isen, A. M. （2003）. Positive affect as a source of human strength. In L. G. Aspinwall & U. M. Staudinger （Eds.）, A psychology of human strengths: Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology （p. 179–195）. American Psychological Association.
Keyes, C. L. M. （1998）. Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61（2）, 121–140.
Keyes, C. L. M., & Magyar-Moe, J. L. （2003）. The measurement and utility of adult subjective well-being. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder （Eds.）, Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures （p. 411–425）. American Psychological Association.
Lagrand, L. E. （1988）. Changing patterns of human existence: Assumptions, beliefs, and coping with the stress of change. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
LaGrande, L.（1983）. Youth and the disenfranchised breakup. In K. Doka（Ed.） Disenfranchised grief: Recognizing hidden sorrow（pp.173-185）.
Lazarus, R. S. （1966）. Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw- Hill.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. （1984）. Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
Lee, J. A. （1977）. A typology of styles of loving. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3（2）, 173-182.
Lewandowski, G. W., Jr., & Bizzoco, N. M. （2007）. Addition through subtraction: Growth following the dissolution of a low quality relation- ship. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 40–54.
Li, R.-H. （2014）. Reliability and validity of a shorter Chinese version for Ryff’s psychological well-being scale. Health Education Journal,73（4）, 446-452.
Man Cheung Chung; Farmer, Steven; Grant, Keren; Newton, Rebecca; Payne, Sally; Perry, Melissa; Saunders, Jenny; Smith, Charlotte; Stone, Nina （2003）. Coping with post-traumatic stress symptoms following relationship dissolution. Stress & Health, 19, 27-36.
Murphy, M.C., & Archer, J. （1996）. Stressors on the college campus : A comparison of 1985 and 1993. Journal of Colloge Student Development, 37（1）, 20-28.
Myers, D. G. （2000）. The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56-67.
Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan & Laron, Judith（1999）.Coping with loss. Lodon:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ratto, NicolinaH. （2007）. The role of attachment style with mother and father in adolescents' ways of copingwith a romantic break up. Unpublished master’s thesis, Concordia University , Canada.
Robak, R. W., & Weitzman, S. P.（1995）. Grieving the loss of romantic Relationships in young adulthood: An empirical study of disenfranchised grief. Omega, 30（4）, 269-281.
Rubin, Z. （1970）. Measurement of romantic love. Journal of personality and social psychology, 16（2）, 265.
Ryff, C. D. （1989a）. Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12（1）, 35-55.
Ryff, C. D. （1989b）. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57（6）, 1069-1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. （1995）. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69（4）, 719-727.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. （1995）. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69（4）, 719–727.
Ryff, C. D., Lee, Y. H., Essex, M. J., & Schmutte, P. S. （1994）. My children and me: Mid-life evaluations of grown children and of self. Psychology and Aging, 9（2）, 195-205.
Saffrey, C., & Ehrenberg, M. （2007）. When thinking hurts: Attachment, rumination, and postrelationship adjustment. Personal Relationships, 14, 351–368.
Seligman, M. E. P. （2002）. Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez （Eds.）, Handbook of positive psychology （p. 3–9）. Oxford University Press.
Sigel, I. E. （1985）. Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Simon, R.W. , Barrett, A.E. （2010）. Nonmarital romantic relationships and mental health in early adulthood: Does the association differ for women and men? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51（2）, 168–182.
Simpson, J.A. （1990） Influence of Attachment Styles on Romantic Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 971-980.
Sprecher, S. （1994）. Two sides to the breakup of dating relationships. Personal Relationships, 1, 199-222.
Sternberg, R. J. （1986）. A triangular theory of love. Psychological review, 93（2）, 119.
Tashiro, T., & Frazier, P. （2003）. "I'll never be in a relationship like that again": Personal growth following romantic relationship breakups. Personal Relationships, 10（1）, 113–128.
Watson, D. （2002）. Positive affectivity: The disposition to experience pleasurable emotional states. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez （Eds.）, Handbook of positive psychology （p. 106–119）. Oxford University Press.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. （1988）. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales.Journal of personality and social psychology,54（6）, 1063–1070.
Webster, J. （1997）. Attachment Style and Well-being in Elderly Adults: A Preliminary Investigation. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 16（1）, 101-111.
Wilson, Teresa Ann.（2008）. The experience of closure described by women after the loss of a romantic relationship. Unpublished PHD’s thesis, Walden University.
Wilson, W. （1967）. Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 67（2）, 203-306.