本研究訪談有依附迴避特質的情緒取向心理師，以了解影響依附行為的生命經驗，以及學習情緒取向治療對自身依附關係的影響。本研究採敘說探究，訪談兩位使用情緒取向作伴侶治療的心理師，以了解心理師從原生家庭、諮商學習、伴侶關係，到親子關係等等的重要生命經驗。結果顯示，遇到好的老師與督導能增加安全的依附經驗，接受諮商可整理原生家庭的依附經驗，學習情緒取向治療後能概念化自己的依附經驗，而接受伴侶督導可以幫助受訪心理師覺察依附特質在諮商進行中的干擾。本研究亦發現，情緒取向治療從多方面影響受訪者的依附關係。受訪者會運用情緒取向治療理論中的「惡性循環」觀點，及「指責攻擊者」/「逃避退縮者」的角色概念，詮釋自己的依附關係。而除了學習情緒取向治療之理論外，聽老師分享案例、接受伴侶案督導，抑或是自己進行情緒取向伴侶諮商，都有助受訪者對自己的依附關係有更多領悟。而在上述的經驗之後，受訪者能將情緒取向治療之概念與技術用在自己的依附關係中，與丈夫、孩子有較適應的互動行為。最後，本研究依照上述研究結果，對大學通識課程、逃避型心理治療學習者，及未來研究者作進一步的建議。

In this research, I interviewed two psychologists using Emotionally Focused Therapy（EFT） with attachment avoidance traits in order to understand their life experience that affects their attachment behaviors, and to learn about the influence of EFT on their attachment relationships. This research adopts narrative inquiry and interviews two psychologists who use EFT for couple therapy to understand the important life experiences of the interviewees from native families, learning counseling, couple relationship, and parent-child relationship, etc. The results show that meeting good teachers and supervisors can experience the secure attachment, accepting counseling can sort out the attachment experience of the native family, and after learning EFT, the interviewee can conceptualize one’s attachment experience, and accepting couple case supervision can help the interviewee to detect attachment trait interferes with the ongoing consultation. This study also found that EFT affects the attachment relationship of the interviewees in many ways. the interviewees used the "negative circle" viewpoint in EFT theory and the roles of "pursuer"/"withdrawer" to interpret their own attachment relationships. In addition to learning the theory of EFT, listening to teachers sharing cases, accepting couple case supervision, and conducting EFT couple counseling, helps the interviewee had more understanding of their attachment relationships. After the above-mentioned experience, the interviewee was able to apply the concepts and techniques of EFT to their attachment relationships, and interact with their husbands and children more adaptively. Finally, according to the above research results, this research makes further suggestions for universities’ general education courses, dismissive-avoidant psychological counseling learners, and future researchers.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 名詞解釋 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 依附特質與類型 5
第二節 情緒取向治療 11
第三節 心理師的迴避特質對諮商的影響 16
第四節 改變依附類型與特質的經驗 18
第三章 研究方法 23
第一節 研究取向與分析方法 23
第二節 研究參與者 25
第三節 研究工具 25
第四節 研究程序 27
第五節 研究可信度 30
第六節 研究倫理 32
第四章 研究結果與討論 35
第一節 第一位受訪者依附經驗的敘說故事 35
第二節 第二位受訪者依附經驗的敘說故事 54
第五章 結論與建議 66
第一節 結論 66
第二節 建議 69
參考文獻 73
中文參考文獻 73
英文參考文獻 74
附錄 79
附錄一 訪談大綱 79
附錄二 研究參與知後同意書 80
附錄三 研究參與者檢核表 81
表目錄
表 1 安全型、矛盾型及逃避型的差異 11
表 2 第三次訪談逐字稿的片段 28
表 3 第一位受訪者的敘事單元 29
表 4 第二位受訪者的敘事單元 29
表 5 符合度檢核及評語 31
 
圖目錄
圖 1 研究程序 30
圖 2 第一位受訪者回應母親的過程 45
圖 3 第一位受訪者回應伴侶的過程 50
圖 4 第一位受訪者回應孩子的過程 54
圖 5 第二位受訪者回應伴侶的過程 64

參考文獻
中文參考文獻
Bowlby, J.（2017a）。依恋三部曲 第二卷 分离（万巨玲等譯）。北京市：世界图书。（原著出版年：1973）
Bowlby, J.（2017b）。安全基地：依恋关系的起源（余萍、刘若楠譯）。北京市：世界图书。（原著出版年：1988）
Bowlby, J.（2020）。依戀三部曲1：依附（汪智豔、王婷婷譯）。新北市：小樹文化。（原著出版年：1969）
Johnson, S. M.（2020）。依恋与情绪聚焦治疗（蔺秀云、袁泉、谭玉鑫譯）。北京：化学工业出版社。（原著出版年：2018）
Kim, J.-H.（2018）。理解敘說探究：以故事的雕琢與分析作為研究（張曉佩、卓秀足譯）。臺北市：心理。（原著出版年：2016）
Neuman, W. L.（2014）。當代社會研究法：質與量化取向（第二版）（王佳煌、潘中道、蘇文賢、江吟梓譯）。臺北市：學富文化。（原著出版年：2011）
Riessman, C. K.（2003）。敘說分析（王勇智、鄧明宇譯）。臺北市：五南。（原著出版年：1993）
Shaffer, D. R., & Kipp, K.（2014）。發展心理學（第九版）（張欣戊、林淑玲、李明芝譯）。臺北市：聖智學習。（原著出版年：2013）
Teyber, E., & Teyber, F.（2017）。人際歷程取向治療：整合模式（第七版）（吳麗娟、蔡秀玲、杜淑芬、方格正、鄧文章譯）。臺北市：聖智學習。（原著出版年：2016）
Wallin, D. J.（2015）。心理治疗中的依恋：从养育到治愈，从理论到实践（巴彤、李斌彬、施以德、杨希洁譯）。北京：中国轻工业出版社。（原著出版年：2007）
王麗雲（2004）。教育研究中的菁英訪談。教育研究資訊，12（2），95-126。取自http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/39043
李玉嬋、藍珮榕（2009）。駐診婦產科心理師面對懷孕及人工流產危機諮商之挑戰。諮商與輔導，(279)，50-57。http://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200903.0022
孫頌賢（2016）。諮商心理衡鑑的理論與實務。臺北市：張老師文化。
陳宜彣、葉莉莉、馮瑞鶯（2009）。兒童虐待之概念分析。護理雜誌，56(4)，71-76。http://doi.org/10.6224/JN.56.4.71
陳家鳳、林惠雅、蕭英玲（2016）。當第一個孩子來報到：新手父母的親職參與和婚姻滿意度。中華輔導與諮商學報，(47)，91-111。http://doi.org/10.3966/172851862016120047005
曾素梅（2016）。資深心理劇實務工作者專業發展之敘事研究。臺北市立大學教育學系博士論文，臺北市。取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/tu2ghq
楊凱娜（2018）。三位駐地實習諮商師的排除型依附特質在諮商關係中影響之研究。南華大學生死學系碩士班碩士論文，嘉義縣。取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/r9ukv2
葉寶玲、陳秉華（2014）。諮商師個人心理治療後與母親情感關係改變之研究。諮商心理與復健諮商學報，(27)，137-170。http://doi.org/10.6308/JCPRC.27.05
蔡素琴、洪雅鳳、劉淑慧（2014）。敘事分析方法：由Labov敘事結構與隱喻故事取徑。臺灣諮商心理學報，2(1)，77–96。
盧怡任（2012）。受苦心靈轉變經驗之存在現象學研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所博士論文，彰化縣。取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/7x4sqe
英文參考文獻
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226
Bradley, B., & Furrow, J. (2007). Inside blamer softening: Maps and missteps. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 26(4), 25-43. http://doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2007.26.4.25
Burgess Moser, M., Johnson, S. M., Dalgleish, T. L., Lafontaine, M. F., Wiebe, S. A., & Tasca, G. A. (2016). Changes in relationship‐specific attachment in emotionally focused couple therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 42(2), 231-245. http://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12139
Cozzarelli, C., Karafa, J. A., Collins, N. L., & Tagler, M. J. (2003). Stability and change in adult attachment styles: Associations with personal vulnerabilities, life events. and global construals of self and others. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22(3), 315-346. http://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.22.3.315.22888
Foucault, M., & Deleuze, G. (1977). Intellectuals and power. Language, counter-memory, practice: Selected essays and interviews. https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-michel-foucault-intellectuals-and-power.pdf
Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The experiences in close relationships—Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 615. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0022898
Furrow, J. L., Edwards, S. A., Choi, Y., & Bradley, B. (2012). Therapist presence in emotionally focused couple therapy blamer softening events: Promoting change through emotional experience. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38, 39-49. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00293.x
Guerney Jr, B. (1964). Filial therapy: Description and rationale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28(4), 304. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0041340
Johnson, S. M., & Greenberg, L. S. (1985). Emotionally focused couples therapy: An outcome study. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11(3), 313-317. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1985.tb00624.x
Johnson, S. M., Bradley, B., Furrow, J. L., Lee, A., Palmer, G., Tilley, D., & Woolley, S. (2013). Becoming an emotionally focused couple therapist: The workbook. Routledge. http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203955161
Johnson, S. M., Hunsley, J., Greenberg, L., & Schindler, D. (1999). Emotionally focused couples therapy: Status and challenges. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6(1), 67-79. http://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.6.1.67
Kietaibl, C. M. (2012). A review of attachment and its relationship to the working alliance. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 46(2). Retrieved from https://cjc-rcc.ucalgary.ca/article/view/59416
Kinley, J. L., & Reyno, S. M. (2013). Attachment style changes following intensive short-term group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 63(1), 53-75. http://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2013.63.1.53
Labov, W. (1997). Some further steps in narrative analysis. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 7, 395-415. http://doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.7.49som
Labov, W. (2003). Uncovering the event structure of narrative. Round table on language and linguistics, 63-83.
Labov, W. (2013). The language of life and death: The transformation of experience in oral narrative. Cambridge University Press.
Labov, W., & Waletzky, J. (1997). Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 7(1-4), 3-38. (Original work published 1967) http://doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.7.02nar
Lawson, D. M., Barnes, A. D., Madkins, J. P., & Francois-Lamonte, B. M. (2006). Changes in male partner abuser attachment styles in group treatment. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(2), 232. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.43.2.232
Levy, K. N., Meehan, K. B., Kelly, K. M., Reynoso, J. S., Weber, M., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized control trial of transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 1027. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1027
Lopez, F. G., & Gormley, B. (2002). Stability and change in adult attachment style over the first-year college transition: Relations to self-confidence, coping, and distress patterns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 355. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.3.355
Main, M., Hesse, E., & Kaplan, N. (2005). Predictability of attachment behavior and representational processes at 1, 6, and 19 years of age: The Berkeley longitudinal study. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossmann, & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment from infancy to adulthood: The major longitudinal studies (pp. 245-304). Guilford Publications.
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1-2), 66–104. https://doi.org/10.2307/3333827
McRae, T. R., Dalgleish, T. L., Johnson, S. M., Burgess-Moser, M., & Killian, K. D. (2014). Emotion regulation and key change events in emotionally focused couple therapy. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 13(1), 1-24. http://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2013.836046
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Berant, E. (2013). An attachment perspective on therapeutic processes and outcomes. Journal of Personality, 81(6), 606-616. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00806.x
Mishler, E. G. (1990). Validation in inquiry-guided research: The role of exemplars in narrative studies. Harvard Educational Review, 60(4), 415-443. http://doi.org/10.17763/haer.60.4.n4405243p6635752
Mishler, E. G. (1995). Models of narrative analysis: A typology. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 5(2), 87-123. http://doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.5.2.01mod
Mohr, J. J., Gelso, C. J., & Hill, C. E. (2005). Client and counselor trainee attachment as predictors of session evaluation and countertransference behavior in first counseling sessions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 298. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.298
Montagno, M., Svatovic, M., & Levenson, H. (2011). Short‐term and long‐term effects of training in emotionally focused couple therapy: Professional and personal aspects. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37(4), 380-392. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00250.x
Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B., & Lancee, W. (2010). Adult attachment measures: A 25-year review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(4), 419-432. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006
Riggs, S. A. (2010). Childhood emotional abuse and the attachment system across the life cycle: What theory and research tell us. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(1), 5-51. http://doi.org/10.1080/10926770903475968
Romano, V., Janzen, J. I., & Fitzpatrick, M. R. (2009). Volunteer client attachment moderates the relationship between trainee therapist attachment and therapist interventions. Psychotherapy Research, 19(6), 666-676. http://doi.org/10.1080/10503300902926547
Sandberg, J. G., & Knestel, A. (2011). The experience of learning emotionally focused couples therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37(4), 393-410. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00251.x
Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. I. M. (1994). Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns. Personal Relationships, 1(1), 23-43. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00053.x
Scharfe, E., & Cole, V. (2006). Stability and change of attachment representations during emerging adulthood: An examination of mediators and moderators of change. Personal Relationships, 13(3), 363-374. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00123.x
Sharf, R. S. (2015). Theories of psychotherapy & counseling: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., Campbell, L., & Wilson, C. L. (2003). Changes in attachment orientations across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(4), 317-331. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00030-1
Sprenkle, D. H. (2012). Intervention research in couple and family therapy: A methodological and substantive review and an introduction to the special issue. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(1), 3-29. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00271.x
Stefini, A., Horn, H., Winkelmann, K., Geiser-Elze, A., Hartmann, M., & Kronmüller, K. T. (2013). Attachment styles and outcome of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for children and adolescents. Psychopathology, 46(3), 192-200. http://doi.org/10.1159/000341591
Talia, A., Muzi, L., Lingiardi, V., & Taubner, S. (2020). How to be a secure base: Therapists’ attachment representations and their link to attunement in psychotherapy. Attachment & Human Development, 22(2), 189-206. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2018.1534247
Tasca, G., Balfour, L., Ritchie, K., & Bissada, H. (2007). Change in attachment anxiety is associated with improved depression among women with binge eating disorder. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(4), 423–433. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.4.423
Travis, L. A., Bliwise, N. G., Binder, J. L., & Horne-Moyer, H. L. (2001). Changes in clients' attachment styles over the course of time-limited dynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(2), 149. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.2.149
Trusty, J., Ng, K. M., & Watts, R. E. (2005). Model of effects of adult attachment on emotional empathy of counseling students. Journal of Counseling & Development, 83(1), 66-77. http://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2005.tb00581.x
Watkins, C. E., Jr., & Riggs, S. A. (2012). Psychotherapy supervision and attachment theory: Review, reflections, and recommendations. The Clinical Supervisor, 31(2), 256-289. http://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2012.743319
Wiebe, S. A., & Johnson, S. M. (2016). A review of the research in emotionally focused therapy for couples. Family Process, 55(3), 390-407. http://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12229
Wiebe, S. A., Johnson, S. M., Lafontaine, M. F., Burgess Moser, M., Dalgleish, T. L., & Tasca, G. A. (2017). Two‐year follow‐up outcomes in emotionally focused couple therapy: An investigation of relationship satisfaction and attachment trajectories. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 43(2), 227-244. http://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12206
Wittenborn, A. K. (2012). Exploring the influence of the attachment organizations of novice therapists on their delivery of emotionally focused therapy for couples. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38, 50-62. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00290.x
Yusof, Y., & Carpenter, J. (2015). The impact of family therapists’ adult attachment styles on their career choice and approach to therapy: An interpretive phenomenological analysis. Journal of Social Work Practice, 29(4), 395-412. http://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2014.922059
Yusof, Y., & Carpenter, J. (2016). Family therapists’ adult attachment styles and the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Family Therapy, 38(1), 59-81. http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12079
Zhang, F., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2004). Stability and fluctuation in adult attachment style over a 6-year period. Attachment & Human Development, 6(4), 419-437. http://doi.org/10.1080/1461673042000303127