埃及聖䴉是台灣近三十年間，分佈範圍迅速擴張的外來入侵鳥種。然而對於埃及聖䴉入侵台灣過程的資訊甚少。本研究將以基因分析方法探討決定埃及聖䴉擴張與適應性的影響因素。藉由定序多巴胺受體基因（DRD4）和血清素轉運蛋白基因（SERT）兩個已經被鑑定影響鳥類尋奇和大膽的行為基因，我們比較在台灣不同樣區埃及聖䴉上述基因的變異，假設基於性格造成的天擇可以由此二行為基因的多態性決定，將可以觀察出埃及聖䴉該基因變異位點與原始入侵地距離的關係。為了檢測天擇的存在，我們比較DRD4和SERT的族群間遺傳分化指數與粒線體DNA，COX1的遺傳變異。我們發現COX1在族群間沒有基因變異，而DRD4和SERT雖然有許多SNP，但並沒有明顯的族群分化。我們的結果無法顯示天擇的證據，但仍為此候選人格基因提供未來綜合分析的重要數據。

The sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) is an alien bird species in Taiwan and have expanded their distribution range rapidly on island in the past three decades. However, there is limited information available for the invasion process of the African sacred ibis in Taiwan. In this study, we investigated how the genetic consequences factors influenced the expansion of sacred ibises and determined their adaptation in Taiwan. Two behavior-related genes, the dopamine receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter gene (SERT) have been identified for novel-seeking and bold behaviors in birds. We hypothesized that the selection for temperament traits-based selection may determine the polymorphisms in these two genes and the likelihood of dispersal of sacred ibis populations can be explained by the intraspecific variation of these two genes. To detect presence of selection, we compared genetic variation and estimates of population differentiation of DRD4 and SERT to mitochondrial DNA, COX1. We found no variation in the COX1, but a number of SNPs in DRD4 and SERT. Our results could not show evidence of the selection, but still provided important data to future meta-analyses on candidate personality genes.

Content
摘要......i
Abstract ...... ii
誌謝 ......iii
1. Introduction ...... 1
2. Materials and Methods ...... 6
2.1 Samplings and DNA extraction ......6
2.2 DNA amplification and sequencing ...... 6
2.3 DNA analysis ......7
3.Results......10
3.1 Summary statistics of genetic sequences......10
3.2 Test of neutrality...... 10
3.3 Analyses of population size change......11
3.4 Genetic differentiation between populations......11
3.5 Assignment test and phylogenetic analysis ...... 12
4. Discussion ......13
4.1 Maternal inheritance ......13
4.2 Invasive history and genetic variation of DRD4 and SERT......14
4.3 No evidence of selection for novel-seeking behavior ......16
5.Conclusion...... 18
6.References......19
7.Tables. ...... 24
8.Figures. ......30
Appendix 1. ......50
Supplementary information I. ......51

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