解決農民工的健康需求至關重要。由於 COVID-19 的問題它加劇了農民工中先
前存在的問題，例如感染病毒的高風險。以及無法獲得可靠的健康信息。在
這個研究中聊天機器人用於滿足農民工在 COVID-19 大流行期間對健康信息的
需求（第 1 章）。隱式設計將基於健康知識和健康行為理論進行評估。本文
旨在深入了解低收入農民工面臨的問題。誰想尋求健康信息第一項研究的調
查擴展到尋求健康信息的現有障礙。在 COVID-19 期間克服障礙的策略了解
健康能力的成長該研究還考察了農民工偏好的信息內容的來源和類型。此外
，第二項研究通過檢查聊天機器人利用聊天機器人解決農民工健康信息需求
的潛力，增加了進一步的見解（第 2 章）。為了調查台灣低收入泰國農民工
的經歷，我們首先進行了定性調查和研究。使用半結構化訪談本研究的重點
是解決社會問題最嚴重地區的農民工的需求。調查結果將有助於指導政府使
用技術和正確的工具來滿足他們的健康信息需求（第 3 章）。第二項研究選
擇了 11 名泰國移民工人及其各自的利益相關者，使用情境方法進行半結構
化深度訪談，以了解如何使用聊天機器人獲取工人健康信息。如何跨國以及
如何設計它以滿足需求以滿足勞動力的需求。這項情境訪談研究的結果表明
，聊天機器人的使用可以為健康信息的傳播帶來好處。促進溝通增加農民工
健康知識（第 4 章）。關於這個問題的未來研究。應該更徹底地調查和研究
現有的聊天機器人，它在該領域被用於進一步考慮對衛生服務的可能應用（
第 5 章）。

An estimated 164 million people are migrant workers and they are often those with low-income who, as a result of exposures at work and in the environment, are at high risk of viral transmission. According to reports, the COVID-19 pandemic increases the vulnerability of these marginalized populations, and a lack of self-care can cause the virus to spread throughout society. International travelers now face greater health risks because of the COVID-19 epidemic. Addressing the health requirements of migrant workers is critical since the COVID-19 issue has amplified pre-existing migrant vulnerabilities, such as a high risk of viral infection and a lack of access to reliable health information. In this study, chatbots are used to address the demands of migrant workers for health information during the COVID-19 pandemic, and design implications are evaluated in light of health literacy and health behavior theory (Chapter 1). This dissertation seeks to shed insight on the problems faced by low-income migrant workers who seek health information. The exploration from the first study extended to the existing barriers of seeking health information, strategies of overcoming the barriers during COVID-19. In order to comprehend the growth of health capabilities, the study also looks at the preferred information sources and content categories among the workforce. Moreover, the second study also add more insightful information by investigated the potential of chatbots on how it could meet the health information needs of international migrant workers by leveraging the benefits of chatbots (Chapter 2). To investigate the experiences of low-income migrant Thai workers in Taiwan, we first performed an exploratory qualitative study utilizing semistructured interviews. This study recognizes and responds to the needs of the society's most vulnerable migrant workers. The results of this study would direct the government and technical interventions to meet their needs for health information with the proper instruments (Chapter 3). The second study, eleven Thai migrant workers and relevant stakeholders were recruited for in-depth, semi-structured interviews using a scenario-based approach to understand how a chatbot is used to obtain health information by migrant workers and how it could be designed to satisfy their needs. The results of this scenario-based interview study demonstrate that using a chatbot can be advantageous in disseminating health information, facilitating communication and increasing the health literacy of international migrant workers (Chapter 4). Future study on this issue would include a detailed examination of existing chatbots used in the field to determine their applicability to public health services (Chapter 5).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS-----------------1
DISSERTATION BACKGROUND--------------------------------------------1
Migrant Thai low-income workers in Taiwan--------------------------3
CHAPTER2: LITERATURE REVIEW----------------------------------------5
RIGHT TO HEALTH----------------------------------------------------5
Right to Health Barrier to Minorities------------------------------5
CONTEXTUAL FACTORS ON MIGRANT HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOR--7
Immigration Status-----------------------------------------7
Language and Cultural difference---------------------------8
Economic and Social status--------------------------------10
THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL-------------------------------------------11
HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING----------------------------------------12
HEALTH INFORMATION PLATFORM---------------------------------------13
ONLINE SOCIAL COMMUNITY-------------------------------------------14
HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING CATEGORIES-----------------------------16
Emotions and social cognitive theory in online health
information-----------------------------------------------17
Cognition in online health information seeking------------18
HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIORS------------------------------19
HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING DURING CRISIS--------------------------21
Health information seeking during pandemic----------------22
Risk perception, communication and self-management
during crisis/pandemic------------------------------------24
ICT TO HELP IMPROVE MIGRANT WORKERS’ HEALTH INFORMATION
SEEKING CAPABILITY AND HEALTH LITERACY----------------------------27
Stakeholders perspective of migrant workers in healthcare
services--------------------------------------------------27
HOW CONVERSTAIONAL AGENTS INFLUENCE HEALTH INFORMATION
SEEKING AMONG THAI LOW-INCOME MIGRANT WORKERS IN TAIWAN-----------28
Definition of an AI Chatbot-------------------------------28
Conversational agent in healthcare services---------------29
Theoretical Framework:
The AI Chatbot Behavior Change Model----------------------30
RESEARCH QUESTION-------------------------------------------------31

CHAPTER3: A QUALITATIVE INTERVIEW STUDY TO UNDERSTAND
MIGRANT WORKERS’ HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING
BEHAVIOUR DURING COVID-19-----------------------------------------33
METHODOLOGY-------------------------------------------------------34
Study Design----------------------------------------------34
Study participants and Sampling---------------------------36
Data Collection and Analysis------------------------------39
RESULTS-----------------------------------------------------------41
OVERVIEW----------------------------------------------------------41
Barrier to health literacy pre-pandemic-------------------43
Perceptions on risk during Covid-19-----------------------48
Seeking information during Covid-19 for risk management---49
EFFECT ON HEALTH LITERACY-----------------------------------------50
Improved access of more comprehensive information---------50
Improved understanding about self care
and preventive practices----------------------------------51
Proactive evaluation on the quality of information--------51
Limited ability to follow local policy--------------------52
Limited ability to process jargon information-------------52
PREFERENCE OF INFORMATION SOURCE----------------------------------54
PREFERENCE OF INFORMATION CONTENT---------------------------------55
DISCUSSION--------------------------------------------------------55
LIMITATIONS-------------------------------------------------------57

CHAPTER4: MEETING HEALTH INFORMATION NEEDS OF
MIGRANT WORKERS WITH CONVERSATIONAL AGENT:
SCENARIO-BASED INTERVIEW WITH PROTOTYPE---------------------------58
METHODOLOGY-------------------------------------------------------59
Study Design----------------------------------------------59
Scenario--------------------------------------------------59
The chatbot prototype-------------------------------------61
Participant-----------------------------------------------66
Interview and analysis------------------------------------68
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION--------------------------------------------69
DESIGN IMPLICATIONS-----------------------------------------------73
LIMITATIONS-------------------------------------------------------75

CHAPTER5: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK-----------------------------77
CONCLUSIONS-------------------------------------------------------77
FUTURE WORK-------------------------------------------------------77
RESEARCH ETHICS---------------------------------------------------78
REFERENCE---------------------------------------------------------79

APPENDIX
APPENDIX A: Interview Protocol (1ST Study)----------------95
APPENDIX B: Interview Protocol (2nd Study)----------------99
APPENDIX C: Interview Guide (2nd Study)------------------108
APPENDIX D: Interview Flow (2nd Study)-------------------109
APPENDIX E: Interview Question Flow (2nd Study)----------120
APPENDIX F: Code of Finding (2nd Study)------------------125
APPENDIX G: Print screen prototypes (2nd Study)----------128

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