選別型檢驗計畫（rectifying inspection plan）為驗收抽樣計畫中的一種，然而，有別於傳統型驗收抽樣計畫僅給予貨批允收與否之判決，無法進一步確保允收貨批之真實品質水準，選別型檢驗計畫能於檢驗過程中實質提升貨批品質水準，並提供具體的平均出廠品質界限（Average Outgoing Quality Limit, AOQL），對於製程複雜度極高或由多種零組件構成的綜合性產品而言，此優點能有效避免不良率的加乘效應，給予消費者較高的保障。除此之外，過去多使用不良率作為判定貨批品質的基準，而在現今不良率極低的情況下常常需要抽取大量樣本才能做出有效判決，因此本研究以能適切衡量低不良率產出品質水準之製程能力指標（Process Capability Index, PCI）作為評估工具，並搭配單次抽樣（Single Sampling, SS）及重複群集抽樣（Repetitive Group Sampling, RGS）以發展基於製程能力指標之選別型單次抽樣計畫（Rectifying inspection plan with Single Sampling, RSS）與選別型重複群集抽樣計畫（Rectifying inspection plan with Repetitive Group Sampling, RRGS）。本研究利用指標估計值之精確抽樣分配推導計畫之允收機率函數，並以最小化平均總檢驗數為目標式、兩點式操作特性曲線為限制式，建構最佳化數學模型進行計畫參數求解，並且提供常見之品質水準、風險組合下的計畫參數表，以利實務上之應用。此外，針對本研究所發展之兩計畫，以操作特性曲線、平均出廠品質曲線、平均總檢驗數曲線等，多方面進行績效分析及探討。最後，透過建構圖形化使用者介面輔以實際案例說明兩計畫之操作流程，讓使用者可藉由此平台簡單且快速地應用本研究提出之抽樣計畫。

Rectifying inspection plan is a technique which can enhance the quality level of the submitted lot during the inspection and can provide users with a specific average outgoing quality limit (AOQL) which is very helpful for quality control especially for product with high process complexity or product consists of multiple components. In addition, process capability index (PCI) is used in this article to evaluate the quality level of the submitted lot because it is more appropriate for the process with very low defect rate which meets the recent requirements. Moreover, the two techniques mentioned above are combined with acceptance sampling including single sampling (SS) and repetitive group sampling (RGS) to develop the proposed rectifying inspection plan with single sampling (RSS) and rectifying inspection plan with repetitive group sampling (RRGS). The probability functions of the proposed plans are derived by the exact sampling distribution and the plan parameters of them are calculated by solving the optimization models which minimize the average total inspection (ATI) for the purpose of getting the lowest inspection cost. Finally, the operating procedures and tabulated parameters of them are given, and the graphical user interfaces are developed for users to easier apply the proposed plans in practical.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧與探討 6
2.1 製程能力指標 6
2.1.1 製程能力指標與產品良率之關係 7
2.1.2 製程能力指標之估計量與抽樣分配 8
2.1.3 製程能力指標之假設檢定 9
2.2 驗收抽樣計畫 10
2.3 驗收抽樣計畫之分類 11
2.3.1 品質特性之資料類型 11
2.3.2 計畫之操作方式 12
2.4 驗收抽樣計畫之績效評估 15
2.4.1 操作特性曲線 15
2.4.2 平均抽樣樣本數 17
2.5 選別檢驗抽樣計畫 18
2.5.1 平均總檢驗數 19
2.5.2 平均出廠品質 20
第三章 基於製程能力指標之選別型單次抽樣計畫 22
3.1 計畫操作流程 23
3.2 計畫之允收機率函數與數學模型 25
3.3 計畫之求解環境設定 26
3.4 求解結果分析與討論 29
第四章 基於製程能力指標之選別型重複群集抽樣計畫 42
4.1 計畫操作流程 43
4.2 計畫之允收機率函數與數學模型 46
4.3 計畫之求解環境設定 48
4.4 求解結果分析與討論 50
第五章 圖形化使用者介面與案例分析 65
5.1 基於製程能力指標之選別型單次抽樣計畫之案例 66
5.2 基於製程能力指標之選別型重複群集抽樣計畫之案例 69
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 73
6.1 結論 73
6.2 未來研究方向 74
參考文獻 75

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