機器視覺技術因具備非接觸、非破壞、可長時間運作、適用多種場域等優點而勝過人力，常應用於自動光學檢測領域。因此，若將機器視覺技術拓展至檢測冷凍真空乾燥機（凍乾機）內的食材、花卉或藥品，即時監控其乾燥進度甚至優化時程降低機台耗能，將有極高商用價值。然而，機器視覺會受光源干擾而失準，再加上電子零件與光學鏡組易受溫、溼及真空度環境變化而出錯，對於利用紅外線加熱的凍乾機腔體內的嚴苛環境，機器視覺發揮功能便成為極大挑戰。因此本研究目標為開發一套機器視覺系統，能長時間運作於凍乾機內環境中，並且排除紅外線燈源干擾，於圖形化介面即時顯示物料直徑、面積變化及色相像素比例變化，收集凍乾機內物料狀態，並幫助機台優化。研究過程及步驟包括：硬體設計、軟體開發、系統功能整合及功能檢測。系統功能整合則分別在大氣環境、冷凍真空環境、紅外線冷凍真空環境進行系統測試及調整，並成功運作於凍乾機中。本研究以圓形標準片做為系統直徑與顏色檢測的測試與校正，利用有機物料（蘋果切片）進行檢測，並分析物料狀態變化。直徑檢測結果誤差皆小於3%；顏色檢測結果依繪製色相比例隨時間變化圖，可判定何時物料變化達穩定，透過圖形化介面可即時顯示直徑、面積及顏色檢測資訊。

Machine vision technology with advantages of non-contact detection and non-destructive detection can be applied in a lyophilizer (freeze dryer) to detect the grocery, flowers during the freeze-drying process. It will make high commercial value by optimizing the processing time to reduce the energy consumption of the machine. However, machine vision may be misaligned by the light source and the electronic components. Moreover, optical mirrors are sensitive to temperature, humidity, and pressure. For a harsh environment in a chamber using infrared heating, the machine vision function becomes a great challenge. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop a machine vision system that can operate in the lyophilizer for long process time, and eliminate the interference of infrared light source. It should also display diameter, area change and hue pixel ratio change in a graphical interface. The research process includes hardware design, software development, system integration, and function test. In this study, a circular standard piece was used as the test and calibration of the system detection function. Organic material (Apple slice) was used to test the machine detection ability. Error in diameter detection was found to be less than 3%. According to the variety of hue color, the result of color detection can determine if the material is dried.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 xi
符號表 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 4
1.3 研究目標 5
第二章 硬體設計 6
2.1 採紅外線加熱之凍乾機 7
2.2 攝影機與鏡頭 9
2.3 照明設備 17
2.4 濾波鏡 19
第三章 軟體開發 21
3.1 扭曲校正 23
3.2 圖形前處理 26
3.3 直徑檢測 30
3.4 顏色檢測 33
3.5 圖形化使用者介面 38
第四章 系統功能整合 43
4.1 大氣環境 43
4.2 冷凍真空環境 46
4.3 冷凍真空紅外線環境 49
第五章 結果與討論 50
5.1 標準片檢測 50
5.1.1 直徑檢測 52
5.1.2 顏色檢測 58
5.2 有機物檢測 61
5.2.1 短時間實驗 62
5.2.2 長時間實驗 68
第六章 結論與未來工作 74
6.1 結論 74
6.2 未來工作 75
參考文獻 76

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