隨著便攜式和柔性電子設備的日益普及和重要性，近年來對靈活且高效的能量存儲設備的需求不斷增長。超級電容器因其高功率密度和長循環壽命而引起了很多研究的關注。開發高性能柔性固態超級電容器已經付出了相當大的努力。
本研究以二氧化矽奈米球為硬模板，具有良好導電性和柔韌性之碳布為集電板。並利用多巴胺易於附著在無機物表面或有機物的特性，在碳布和二氧化矽奈米球的表面上聚合，再經過高溫碳化和氫氧化鈉水溶液蝕刻，形成具有階層式孔洞和氮摻雜之碳奈米結構。此碳結構未經過任何化學性活化就具有1049.4 m2 g-1的高比表面積及2.37 cm2 g-1的高孔隙率。
以氮摻雜階層式孔洞之碳奈米結構 /碳布複合材料作為柔性膠態對稱超級電容器的電極材料，展現優異的電化學性質。此對稱式超級電容器在功率密度為0.5kW kg-1時表現出24.3Wh kg-1的高能量密度，並且在10kW kg-1的高功率密度下保持10.3Wh kg-1的能量密度。此對稱式超級電容器的循環穩定性非常好，在10 A / g的8000次循環操作後保有78％的高比電容保持率。

N-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanostructure (NHPCN) was created on carbon cloth (CC), through a self-assembled mesoporous silica spheres templating process, to fabricate high performance flexible gel-type symmetric supercapacitors (NHPCN@CC//NHPCN@CC). The NHPCN@CC//NHPCN@CC cell exhibited outstanding capacitive performances, delivering a high energy density of 24.3 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 0.5 kW kg-1 and maintaining a decent energy density of 10.3 Wh kg-1 at a high power density of 10 kW kg-1, among the highest for carbon based gel-type, symmetric supercapacitors. The success may be attributed to the continuous hollow, thin features of the NHPCN, with the hollow structure enabling local, fast adsorption/desorption of electrolyte ions for generation of electric double layer capacitances, and the thin carbon shells offering large amounts of exposed surface areas to accommodate electric double layer capacitances and pseudo-capacitances. The cycling stability of the NHPCN@CC//NHPCN@CC cell was excellent, exhibiting a high specific capacitance retention rate of 78% after 8000 cycle operations at 10 A g-1. The mechanical robustness of the NHPCN@CC//NHPCN@CC cell was also excellent, maintaining high energy and power densities even at a large bending angle of 135o.

Abstract----------------------------------------I
摘要--------------------------------------------II
誌謝--------------------------------------------III
總目錄------------------------------------------IV
圖目錄------------------------------------------VI
表目錄------------------------------------------X
第1章 緒論--------------------------------------1
1-1 前言----------------------------------------1
1-2 電化學原理-----------------------------------2
1-2-1 電化學反應系統-----------------------------2
1-2-2 影響電化學反應系統的因素--------------------4
1-2-3 電極材料---------------------------------4
1-2-4 電解質-------------------------------------5
1-3 超級電容器(supercapacitor)-------------------7
1-3-1 電雙層超級電容器----------------------------8
1-3-2 法拉第超級電容器---------------------------10
第2章 文獻回顧-----------------------------------11
2-1 柔性膠態超級電容器----------------------------11
2-1-1 碳材在柔性膠態超級電容器之應用---------------11
2-1-2 金屬氧化物在柔性膠態超級電容器之應用----------15
2-2 氮摻雜碳材-----------------------------------22
2-3 金屬有機框架材料------------------------------26
第3章 實驗方法與儀器------------------------------28
3-1 實驗動機-------------------------------------28
3-1-1 氮摻雜階層式多孔碳奈米結構-------------------28
3-1-2 金屬有機框架材料----------------------------29
3-2 實驗藥品-------------------------------------30
3-3 實驗器材-------------------------------------32
3-4 分析儀器-------------------------------------33
3-5 實驗流程-------------------------------------36
3-5-1 電極之清洗及前處理--------------------------36
3-5-2 製備二氧化矽奈米球--------------------------37
3-5-3 二氧化矽奈米球自組裝在碳布上-----------------37
3-5-4 在碳布上聚合多巴胺--------------------------37
3-5-5 在碳布上製備氮氣摻雜碳納米結構（NCN @ CC）---38
3-5-6 配置膠態電解液-----------------------------39
3-5-7 製作軟性對稱超級電容器----------------------39
3-5-8 在泡沫鎳上製備金屬有機框架材料(NiCo-MOF-74@NF)-39
3-5-9 電化學分析實驗-----------------------------40
第4章 結果與討論---------------------------------42
4-1 二氧化矽奈米球-------------------------------42
4-1-1 二氧化矽奈米球形貌分析----------------------42
4-1-2 二氧化矽奈米球BET分析-----------------------43
4-1-3 二氧化矽奈米球自組裝情形--------------------44
4-2 氮摻雜碳奈米結構分析--------------------------45
4-2-1 氮摻雜碳奈米結構之形貌分析------------------45
4-2-2 氮摻雜碳奈米結構之BET分析-------------------47
4-2-3 氮摻雜碳奈米結構之XPS元素分析---------------48
4-2-4 氮摻雜碳奈米結構之拉曼光譜和XRD分析---------50
4-2-5 氮摻雜碳奈米結構之電化學分析----------------53
4-3 金屬有基框架材料-----------------------------63
第5章 結論--------------------------------------69
第6章 參考文獻-----------------------------------70

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