微波加熱可以有效的使用能源且可以縮短總反應時間，因此微波的相關研究也越來越多，本研究主要是觀察微波對於轉酯化反應的影響。第一部分是藉由丙三醇和碳酸二甲酯的轉酯化反應，探討微波在均相系統和非均相系統是否會影響反應的平衡常數並且使用氣相層析儀來分析結果，本研究選擇碳酸鉀為均相觸媒以及氧化鈣為非均相觸媒，並且選擇不同的反應物莫耳比以及不同的反應溫度的條件，發現不管在哪個條件下微波雖然都可以加速丙三醇和碳酸二甲酯的轉酯化反應，但是並不能改變平衡轉化率。而在乙醇和碳酸丙烯酯的轉酯化反應中，比較一般加熱條件與微波加熱的平衡常數與標準反應熱，發現微波加熱並不能改變平衡轉化率，但可以觀察到微波輔助轉酯化反應的加速效果。
第二部分是以微波加熱優化微波輔助磺酸鈉多元醇合成的轉酯化反應，找到最佳化的微波控制程序並且使用NMR來分析結果，當反應總重為75克且使用Power to time模式微波控制程序，可以使DMSIP的轉化率約為92%且磺酸鈉多元醇的顏色不會太深，在反應的過程中更可以觀察到微波的非熱效應，同樣在270 ℃的條件下供給系統不同大小的微波功率，造成反應速率大小的改變；當反應總重為150克時，以不同的Power to time微波控制程序輔助反應，在微波功率是原來的1.5倍時，有最好的轉化率92.5%且總反應時間只有8.5 min，由實驗結果可以發現若供給越大的微波功率，轉化率到達90%以上所需的能耗越少且所需的反應時間越少，但因為較高的微波功率使反應系統的溫度越高而讓磺酸鈉多元醇的顏色變成深褐色，也發現微波輔助轉酯化反應所需的能耗和反應總重沒有正比關係，因此高功率的微波加熱有很好的能源使用效率。

Microwave heating has numerous advantages such as consume less energy than conventional heating and could reduce the reaction time so researching for microwave-assisted organic synthesis is more and more popular. Especially, we focused on the effects of microwave on the transesterification.
At first, transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using K2CO3 as homogeneous catalyst and CaO as heterogeneous catalyst was studied in this work. Effects of the parameters include the molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to glycerol, the reaction temperature, and the heating methods. It observed that the equilibrium constants of transesterification have no shift by conventional heating and microwave heating. Then, transesterification of ethanol and propylene carbonate using C2H5ONa as homogeneous catalyst was also studied in this work. The molar ratio of ethanol and propylene carbonate was 8 and the reaction temperature was 303 K, 323 K, 343K. It observed that the equilibrium constants of transesterification have no shift by conventional heating and microwave heating but the microwave heating can accelerate the reaction rate. Furthermore, the difference between theoretic equilibrium constant and experimental equilibrium constants was due to the personal error.
Second, we improved the process of synthesis of sulfonic acid type polyester polyol by microwave heating. It was found that the microwave-assisted reaction modes, namely, Ramp to temperature, Standard control and Power to time, greatly influenced the reaction. When the reaction was conducted in Ramp to temperature, with a reaction temperature of 180 °C and reaction time of 2 hr, the DMSIP conversion reached 98%. However, it only took 12 min to reach similar DMSIP conversion in Power to time mode. The reaction in Power to time mode showed much more advantages in reducing the consumption of the energy and shortening the reaction time than that in Ramp to temperature mode. Meanwhile, there were specific microwave effects of microwave irradiation at 270 °C. Moreover, in terms of the reaction in Power to time mode, energy consumption could be reduced with the increase of the irradiation power.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-1-1前言 1
1-1-2微波 2
1-1-3轉酯化反應 3
1-2研究動機 4
1-3章節安排 5
第二章 微波對轉酯化反應的平衡常數之影響 6
2-1文獻回顧 6
2-1-1 微波加熱對反應平衡的影響 6
2-1-2 碳酸甘油酯的製備方法 11
2-1-3碳酸二乙酯的製備方法 13
2-2研究方法 15
2-2-1實驗設備與儀器 15
2-2-2實驗藥品 15
2-2-3分析方法 16
2-2-4實驗步驟 23
2-3碳酸甘油酯合成的結果與討論 25
2-3-1均相觸媒輔助碳酸甘油酯反應之結果 25
2-3-2非均相觸媒碳酸甘油酯反應之結果 29
2-4碳酸二乙酯合成的結果與討論 33
第三章 微波應用於合成磺酸鈉多元醇 38
3-1文獻回顧 38
3-1-1磺酸鈉多元醇的合成方法 38
3-1-2 微波輔助轉酯化反應 40
3-2研究方法 43
3-2-1實驗設備與儀器 43
3-2-2實驗藥品 43
3-2-3分析方法 44
3-2-4實驗步驟 46
3-3結果與討論 47
3-3-1製程優化 47
3-3-2放大兩倍 55
第四章 總結 58
第五章 參考文獻 60

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