本實驗製作銅氧化物與氧化鋅奈米複合材料，並應用於大腸桿菌的抑制上，探討不同形貌銅氧化物之抗菌能力。首先，先在矽晶圓基板上塗佈上氧化鋅晶種層，並使用低溫水熱法成長氧化鋅奈米柱，再將氧化鋅奈米柱放入硫酸銅水溶液，進行簡易光還原沉積，形成銅氧化物與氧化鋅複合材料。
使用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察奈米複合材料的表面形貌，在30 ℃環境中進行光還原，得到立方體狀的銅氧化物，而在60 ℃環境中進行光還原，得到針刺及薄膜狀的銅氧化物。以能量色散X–射線光譜分析確認氧化鋅奈米柱、銅氧化物與氧化鋅複合材料之元素組成；以X–射線繞射分析確認氧化鋅晶格結構。
抗菌實驗中，所使用的試片尺寸皆為1.5 * 1.5 cm^2，並以100 μl的大腸桿菌菌液做為測試標的物。使用光強度約為1 mW/cm^2的藍光LED燈管，做為照光環境中的光源，並在暗環境與照光環境下，各進行10分鐘的測試。測試結果顯示，氧化鋅奈米柱試片(ZnO NRs)的大腸桿菌存活率分別為30%與15%；而具有最佳抗菌效果的銅氧化物與氧化鋅複合材料試片(CuxO/ZnO)，其大腸桿菌存活率更下降至6.5%與0.5%。經過數據處理後，ZnO NRs與CuxO/ZnO試片的一階反應速率常數，在暗環境中分別為0.084 min^(–1)、0.097 min^(–1)；照光環境中則分別為0.14 min^(–1)、0.25 min^(–1)，顯示出銅氧化物與氧化鋅奈米複合材料，有著較佳的抗菌效果，具有相當的實用價值與發展潛力。

The present work describes the preparation of various CuxO/ZnO nanocomposites with different morphologies and their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial test is aimed at targeting gram negative bacteria (E.coli JM109) in dark and under light. ZnO nanorods (NRs) were first grown by a hydrothermal method on a Si substrate. CuxO nanostructures were then created on ZnO NRs using a photodeposition method.
The morphologies of the ZnO sample and six different CuxO/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the CuxO nanocubes were created at a photodeposition temperature of 30 ℃, whereas CuxO nanospikes or weblike structures were created at 60 ℃. Energy dispersive x–ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the existence of Zn, O, Cu elements in the nanocomposites. X–ray diffraction (XRD) analysis validated the crystalline structure of ZnO.
For the antibacterial test, a low volume solution (100 μl) was deposited on a 1.5 * 1.5 cm^2 sample for a reaction of 10 min in dark or under the illumination of a blue LED lamp with an intensity of 1 mW/cm^2. The ZnO sample showed a survival ratio of 30% in dark and 15% under light. The CuxO/ZnO sample, which was prepared at 60 ℃ for 70 min, showed best results with a survival ratio of 6.5% in dark and 0.5% under light. The time-dependent survival ratios of the two samples were also measured. The calculated first-order kinetic constants of the ZnO and CuxO/ZnO samples are 0.084 min^(–1) and 0.097 min^(–1) in dark, respectively, and 0.14 min^(–1) and 0.25 min^(–1) under light, respectively. With its excellent antibacterial activity, the CuxO/ZnO nanocomposite has good potential for practical applications.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
總目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 氧化鋅概論 3
2.1.1 基本性質 3
2.1.2 奈米柱成長方法 4
2.1.3 氧化鋅缺陷 5
2.1.4 氧化鋅的光學性質 6
2.2 細菌簡介 8
2.2.1 細菌分類 8
2.2.2 細菌生長曲線 8
2.3 光觸媒回顧 9
2.3.1 水分解原理 11
2.3.2 光觸媒效率 12
2.4 光沉積與光化學法 14
2.5 自由基與活性氧化物 17
2.6 氧化鋅抗菌機制 18
2.6.1 生成活性氧化物 19
2.6.2 鋅離子釋出 21
2.6.3 表面形貌 21
2.6.4 表面缺陷 22
2.7 抗菌測試方法 23
2.7.1 日本工業標準Japanese industrial standard (JIS Z 2801:2000)53 23
2.7.2 抗菌效能評估 24
第三章 實驗儀器與方法 29
3.1 實驗設計 29
3.2 材料製備流程 30
3.2.1 氧化鋅奈米柱成長 30
3.2.2 銅氧化物的添加 32
3.2.3 瓊脂培養基製備 33
3.2.4 單一菌落之分離 33
3.2.5 隔夜菌液培養 34
3.3 分析儀器 35
3.3.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 35
3.3.2 能量色散X–射線光譜 35
3.3.3 X–射線繞射分析 35
3.3.4 螢光光譜儀 35
3.4 光觸媒抗菌實驗 36
3.4.1 抗菌測試流程 36
3.4.2 大腸桿菌存活率與抗菌活性值計算 37
第四章 結果與討論 38
4.1材料分析 38
4.1.1 表面形貌 38
4.1.2 結構與組成 42
4.1.3 光致放光性質 45
4.2 抗菌測試結果 46
4.2.1 空白組與氧化鋅奈米柱試片抗菌測試結果 47
4.2.2 暗環境下銅氧化物與氧化鋅複合材料抗菌測試結果 49
4.2.3 照光環境銅氧化物與氧化鋅複合材料抗菌測試結果 51
4.3 光觸媒抗菌反應速率 53
第五章 結論與總結 57
參考文獻 59

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