本實驗以生質廢料當作碳源，以氫氧化鉀化學活化法來製備多孔、高比表面積的生質碳材料，利用氫氧化鉀與碳的化學反應，使材料表面的碳被反應掉，表面形成多孔的結構，並針對不同製程溫度與不同混合方法來進行比較與分析，在最佳條件下，最佳試片擁有181.4 F/g（掃描速率: 10 mV/s）與253.9 F/g（電流密度: 0.4 A/g）的比電容量。
　　為了能更進一步提升超級電容的表現，以氮摻雜的方式來增加擬電容儲能的效果、提升導電性，期望能提高電容值，並解決高掃描速率下，不理想的電容表現。接著再嘗試加入氧化石墨烯，希望藉由協同效應來提高材料的比表面積與電化學表現。在最佳的條件下，改良後的試片擁有214.04 F/g（掃描速率: 10 mV/s）與289.4 F/g（電流密度: 0.4 A/g）的比電容量，在5000圈循環測試下，電容值能維持在92.8%。。
　　為了應用於穿戴式電子器件，將改良後的最佳試片組裝成可撓性超級電容，在不同彎曲角度下擁有良好的穩定性，最後並接上發光二極管（LED）進行測試，在充電10秒後，可使其發光長達約165秒。
　　本實驗嘗試以低成本、簡易製程，來製作輕巧且具可撓性的高效率超級電容，並以花生殼為起始材料，充分地運用綠色能源。

This work use biomass as the starting material to synthesize the porous biochar for the application on supercapacitor after treated with the potassium hydroxide activation process. Through the chemical reaction of potassium hydroxide and carbon, the carbon on the surface will be consumed and the surface of the material will become porous. Then analyzed and compared with different activation temperature and mixing method. Under optimal conditions of activation process, the best sample performance the best specific capacitance with 181.4 F/g（scan rate: 10 mV/s） and 253.9 F/g（current density: 0.4 A/g）.
To further improve the electrochemical performance, we introduced the nitrogen-doped method by adding soy protein in the best sample to increase the pseudocapacitance and improve conductivity. Also, try to fix the drawback of low capacitance at high scan rate. Next, we tried to add some graphene oxide in the biomass and hoped that we can increase specific surface area and improve electrochemical performance by the synergistic effects. Under optimal conditions, the improved sample performance the best specific capacitance with 214.04 F/g（scan rate: 10 mV/s）and 289.4 F/g（current density: 0.4 A/g）. In cycling stability test, the best electrode can retained about 92.8% after 5000 cycles.
In order to apply the supercapacitor to wearable electronic device, we made the flexible supercapacitor device by assembling two electrodes. In bending angle test, the flexible supercapacitor devices can performance good stability.at different angles. Final, we connected three flexible supercapacitor devices by series to light the light-emitting diode. After charging the device 10 seconds, it can light the light-emitting diode for almost 165 seconds.
In this work, we focused on making high efficiency flexible supercapacitor device with low cost, simple process. By using the peanut shell kind of biomass to synthesis the electrode, we made full use of green biomass energy successfully.

目次
摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 IV
目次 V
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 超級電容 3
2.1.1 電荷的儲存機制 4
2.1.1.1. 電雙層電容 4
2.1.1.2. 擬電容 6
2.1.2 電極材料 6
2.1.2.1. 碳材料 7
2.1.2.2. 過度金屬氧化物 8
2.1.2.3. 導電高分子 8
2.1.3 電解液 9
2.1.3.1 水溶液型電解液 10
2.1.3.2 有機型電解液 10
2.1.3.3 離子液體 10
2.1.3.4 膠狀高分子電解液 11
2.1.4 電極材料評估與電容計算 11
2.1.5 介面阻抗 13
2.2 石墨烯的介紹 14
2.3 石墨烯的製備方法 15
2.4 生物質的介紹 17
2.5 多孔生質活性碳的製備方法 17
2.5.1 物理活化法 18
2.5.2 化學活化法 18
2.6 氮摻雜生質活性碳的結構及摻雜方式 18
2.6.1 氮摻雜生質活性碳的結構 19
2.6.2 氮摻雜生質活性碳的方式 19
第三章 實驗方法與分析 31
3.1 實驗藥品 31
3.2 實驗步驟 31
3.2.1 生物質材料的前處理 32
3.2.2 碳化生質活性碳（CP）的製備 32
3.2.3 多孔生質活性碳（AP）的製備 33
3.2.4 超級電容電極的製備 34
3.2.5 利用氮摻雜加強電化學表現 34
3.2.6 利用混合氧化石墨烯加強電化學表現 35
3.2.7 可撓性超級電容的組裝 35
3.3 實驗所需儀器 36
3.4 試片的性質分析 37
3.4.1 X光繞射光譜儀 38
3.4.2 拉曼光譜儀 38
3.4.3 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 39
3.4.4 比表面積與孔隙度分析儀 40
3.4.5 X射線光電子能譜儀 41
3.5 試片的電化學分析 41
3.5.1 循環伏安測試 42
3.5.2 恆電流充放電測試 42
3.5.3 電化學阻抗頻譜測試 43
第四章 結果與討論 51
4.1 多孔生質活性碳電極 51
4.1.1 多孔生質活性碳電極材料分析 51
4.1.1.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡之結構分析 51
4.1.1.2 拉曼光譜儀之結構分析 53
4.1.1.3 X光繞射儀之晶體結構分析 54
4.1.1.4 比表面積與孔隙度分析儀之孔徑分析 54
4.1.2 多孔生質活性碳電極的電化學特性分析 56
4.1.2.1 循環伏安法分析 56
4.1.2.2 恆電流充放電測試分析 57
4.1.2.3 電化學阻抗頻譜分析 58
4.2 多孔生質活性碳電極的改良 59
4.2.1 氮摻雜改良效果分析 59
4.2.1.1 額外製程 59
4.2.1.2 結果討論 59
4.2.2 氧化石墨烯混合改良效果分析 61
4.2.2.1 額外製程 61
4.2.2.2 結果討論 61
4.3 可撓性超級電容特性測試分析 64
第五章 結論 90
參考文獻 92

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