本研究開發出一種新型的碳基複合薄膜，它具有高耐化學性、高正滲透（Forward Osmosis, FO）效能，且因為製程簡單，使其十分具有量產的潛力。此複合薄膜包含以下主要結構：不織布背襯層、親水支撐層和超薄的活性選擇層。支撐層是由聚多巴胺包覆奈米碳管（Polydopamine-coated Carbon Nanotube, pCNT）所組成，其被塗佈於聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯纖維不織布上，形成之多孔性的pCNT支撐層厚度僅約3 μm；選擇層則是透過界面聚合法製備出緻密的聚醯胺層。
實驗結果顯示，相較於未經表面改質的奈米碳管支撐層，利用pCNT所製備的支撐層接觸角從70.1°下降至33.7°，親水性大幅提升。而在本研究所開發之碳複合薄膜中，A30-pCNT-PA擁有最佳FO效能，水通量為15.13 Lm-2h-1，逆溶質通量為5.20 gm-2h-1，此水通量比在較厚不織布上塗佈未改質之奈米碳管層的薄膜高出將近250%。此外，A30-pCNT-PA薄膜的N-甲基吡咯烷酮阻擋率高達97.7％，此性質大大提升了本研究製備之正滲透碳複合薄膜應用於極端水處理環境的可行性。

In this study, a novel carbon-based thin-film composite membrane which possesses high chemical resistance, great forward osmosis (FO) performance is developed. This membrane has potential to be scaled up due to its simple process. The membrane consists of a nonwoven backing layer, hydrophilic support layer and an ultrathin active layer. The support layer, designated as pCNT, is made of polydopamine-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a thickness of 3 µm, and it is cast onto a polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven fabric. Subsequently, a polyamide film synthesized by interfacial polymerization is coated onto the support layer, acting as the active layer.
The pCNT support layer possesses a contact angle of 33.7°, which is much lower than that of the pristine CNT support layer of 70.1°. Among all membranes, the A30-pCNT-PA membrane exhibits great FO performance with the water flux of 15.13 Lm-2h-1 and the reverse salt flux of 5.20 gm-2h-1. The water flux is almost 250% higher than that of the membrane with the pristine CNT support layer and thicker nonwoven layer. Besides, the N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone rejection of the A30-pCNT-PA membrane is as high as 97.7%. These properties significantly increase the potential of application of the FO membranes in extreme conditions of polluted water treatment.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目次 III
表目次 VII
圖目次 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 薄膜技術簡介 4
2.1.1 薄膜技術之發展 4
2.1.2 薄膜分離程序 5
2.1.3 薄膜型態 7
2.2 複合薄膜簡介與製備 9
2.2.1 多孔支撐層之製備 10
2.2.2 緻密選擇層之製備 12
2.3 正向滲透技術簡介 16
2.3.1 正向滲透技術之發展 16
2.3.2 正向滲透分離程序及應用 17
2.3.3 正向滲透之關鍵技術與瓶頸 19
2.4 奈米碳管簡介 22
2.4.1 奈米碳管之結構與性質 23
2.4.2 奈米碳管之製備方式 24
2.4.3 奈米碳管於水處理薄膜之應用 24
第三章 實驗方法 37
3.1 實驗步驟及流程 37
3.1.1 聚多巴胺包覆奈米碳管之製備 37
3.1.2 基材膜製備 38
3.1.3 聚醯胺選擇層之合成 40
3.2 分析技術與設備 41
3.2.1 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 41
3.2.2 穿透式電子顯微鏡/掃描穿透式電子顯微鏡 42
3.2.3 高解析X光光電子能譜儀 44
3.2.4 水接觸角量測儀 45
3.2.5 正滲透效能測試系統 46
第四章 結果與討論 56
4.1 聚醯胺選擇層成長於奈米碳管上之可行性探討 57
4.2 不同形式之聚多巴胺結合奈米碳管支撐層分析 57
4.2.1 SEM表面形貌分析 58
4.2.2 水接觸角分析 59
4.2.3 TEM / STEM分析 59
4.2.4 XPS元素與鍵結分析 60
4.2.5 FO效能比較 61
4.3 不織布背襯層厚度之影響 63
4.3.1 SEM表面形貌分析 63
4.3.2 FO效能比較 64
4.4 聚醯胺選擇層之分析 65
4.4.1 SEM表面形貌分析 65
4.4.2 XPS元素分析 66
4.4.3 FO效能比較 67
4.5 碳複合薄膜之正滲透效能分析 68
4.5.1 A、B、S與R值 68
4.5.2 提取液濃度對FO效能之影響 69
4.5.3 有機溶液濃縮測試 70
第五章 結論 91
參考文獻 93

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