在超級電容中，具金屬氧化物的電極材料通常擁有較高的電容值與能量密度，然而金屬氧化物的高電阻卻也導致其較差的循環壽命與功率密度。故本研究將金屬氧化物和碳材結合，以奈米碳管組成的網狀結構作為支撐架構與電子傳輸管道，在獲得金屬氧化物高電容值的同時也改善金屬氧化物較差的導電性。
本研究先將奈米碳管進行前置酸化處理，再使用水熱合成法製備奈米碳管/氧化鎳複合物，並在抽濾過程中混入不同比例未酸化處理的奈米碳管，形成具多層結構的奈米碳管/氧化鎳紙複合電極材料，而此材料無須添加黏合劑即可形成穩固的片狀結構。在電化學表現上，此複合電極材料於掃速2 mV/s下，可得最佳的電容值713.9 F/g。
最後，以多層奈米碳管/氧化鎳複合紙正極與活性碳/奈米碳管複合紙負極組裝成非對稱超級電容，以6 M氫氧化鉀溶液作為電解液，其中紙電極不只擔任活性電極材料的角色同時也具集流器之功能。組裝而成的超級電容十分輕薄，其中活性材料僅為數毫克，在能量密度為23.9 Wh/kg的情形下，可輸出功率密度698.6 W/kg，並具有良好的循環穩定度，在3000個循環測試後，仍可保留88.2%的電容值。

For supercapacitors (SCs), the faradaic electrode materials including metal oxides usually possess larger electrochemical capacitance and energy density, but their poor electrical conductivity results in poor power density and cycle life. In this work, the composites, combining metal oxides and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), possess high specific capacitance, because the composites use the conductive CNT network structure as supporting architecture and adopt metal oxide as the key component of the supercapacitor, as a result, improve the poor electrical conductivity of the metal oxides and achieve a high specific capacitance.
The carbon nanotube with acid pretreatment/nickel oxide composites were synthesized via hydrothermal treatment. Subsequently, the composites were mixed with different amount of pristine CNTs during filtration process to form multilayered CNT/NiO hybrid paper electrodes which possess stable lamellar structure without binder. The hybrid paper electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 713.9 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s.
By paring the as-fabricated paper electrode with commercial activated carbon/CNT hybrid paper anode, an asymmetric supercapacitor using 6 M KOH solution as electrolyte was assembled. The hybrid paper electrodes can be used not only as electrode active materials, but also as current collectors. The supercapacitor shows an energy density of 23.9 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 698.6 W kg−1, as well as good stability of 88.2% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 超級電容 3
2.1.1 電荷儲存機制 3
2.1.2 電解液 7
2.1.3 工作電壓窗口 9
2.1.4 電極電容計算 11
2.2 奈米碳管之介紹 14
2.2.1奈米碳管的結構與性質 14
2.2.2巴克紙的介紹與製備 15
2.3氧化鎳之介紹 17
第三章 實驗方法與分析 27
3.1 實驗藥品 27
3.2 實驗步驟 27
3.2.1 奈米碳管的酸化處理 27
3.2.2未經酸化處理的奈米碳管/氧化鎳複合紙電極製備 28
3.2.3 多層經酸化處理的奈米碳管/氧化鎳複合紙電極製備 29
3.2.4 活性碳/奈米碳管負極製備 30
3.2.5 非對稱超級電容組裝 30
3.3 實驗儀器 32
3.4 試片之性質分析儀器 34
3.4.1 X光繞射光譜儀 34
3.4.2 拉曼光譜儀 35
3.4.3 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 36
3.4.4 高分辨穿透式電子顯微鏡 37
3.4.5 X射線光電子能譜儀 37
3.4.6 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 38
3.4.7 熱重分析儀 39
3.5 試片之電化學分析 40
3.5.1 循環伏安測試 40
3.5.2 恆電流充放電測試 41
3.5.3 電化學阻抗頻譜測試 41
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1 M-CNT*/NiO複合紙電極之分析 45
4.1.1 X光繞射光譜之晶體結構分析 46
4.1.2 拉曼光譜之晶體結構分析 46
4.1.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡之形貌分析 49
4.1.4 穿透式電子顯微鏡之微結構分析 50
4.1.5 X射線光電子能譜儀之元素與鍵結分析 51
4.1.6 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之分析 52
4.1.7 熱重分析 53
4.2 M-CNT*/NiO複合紙電極之電化學特性分析 56
4.2.1 循環伏安測試分析 56
4.2.2 恆電流充放電測試分析 59
4.2.3 電化學阻抗頻譜測試分析 60
4.3 非對稱超級電容之電化學特性分析 62
第五章 結論 89
參考文獻 90

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