近年來，由於雙金屬奈米材料的諸多特性都優於其單一成分的材料，使得雙金屬奈米材料的發展逐漸受到重視。雙金屬材料的表面電漿共振效應、催化特性及穩定性都和單一成分的材料有極大的差異。而奈米材料的催化特性和其表面原子排列方式息息相關。在本篇論文中，我們透過植晶法合成一系列具高晶面的金-鈀奈米合金。材料的形貌隨著溴化鉀濃度的降低而改變，形貌從具有{722}晶面的octapod轉變為具{611}和{110}晶面的tetradecapod以及具{221}晶面的trisoctahedron. 在此三種金-鈀奈米合金材料中，octapod的形貌具有極佳的對硝基苯酚還原催化特性也同時展現了優良的氧化酶、過氧化酶催化特性。Octapod 優良的催化特性是因為其{722}的表面較不平整、表面原子密度較低。另一項有趣的發現是，以980 nm的雷射活化反應後，octapod形貌的金-鈀奈米合金對炔基離去反應的催化效率明顯提升，具有
應用於生物體內催化的潛力。

Recently, bimetallic nanomaterials have received a lot of attention because their properties are often advantageous over the single component systems. The LSPR effect, catalytic activity and stability of bimetallic nanomaterials are different from each of metal counterpart. It is well known that the catalytic activity of nanomaterials is dependent on the surface atomic arrangement. In this scenario, we have demonstrated a seed mediated method to prepare various Au-Pd nanoalloys with high-index facets. The morphology of as-synthesis products evolve from octapod enclosed by {722} facets to tetradecapod enclosed by {611}, {110} facets and trisoctahedron enclosed by {221} facets when we decrease the concentration of KBr. Among three nanostructures, Au-Pd alloy octapod has great catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction and octapod also has excellent oxidase and peroxidase like properties owing to the high surface step density and low surface atom density. On top of that, the Au-Pd alloy octapod shows superior propargyl cleavage activity (a pro-drug cleavage like reaction) when introducing 980 nm laser with
low power.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of contents iv
Table of figures vi
Tables of tables xii
Chapter 1 1
Introduction of nanomaterials 1
1.1 What are nanomaterials? 1
1.2 Characteristics of nanomaterials 2
1.2.1 Quantum Confinement Effect 3
1.2.2 Surface Effect 4
1.2.3 Thermal Properties 5
1.2.4 Optical Properties 6
1.3 Noble metal nanomaterials 8
1.3.1 Au nanomaterials 13
1.3.2 Pd nanomaterials 23
1.4 Au-Pd bimetallic materials 35
1.4.1 Shape-controlled synthesis of Au-Pd core shell structures 36
1.4.2 Shape-controlled synthesis of Au-Pd alloy structures 38
1.5 The application of nanomaterial 45
1.5.1 Photo thermal and dynamic therapy 45
1.5.2 In vivo catalysis 46
CHAPTER 2 48
Experiment 48
2.1 Motivation 48
2.2 Chemicals and Instruments 49
2.2.1 Chemicals 49
2.2.2 Instruments 50
2.3 Experimental section 51
2.3.1 Synthesis of Small Pd Nanocubes as Seeds 51
2.3.2 Synthesis a serious of Au-Pd nanoalloys 51
2.3.3 Characterization of Materials 52
2.3.4 Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) 52
2.3.5 Oxidase-like activity measurement (TMB as a probe) 53
2.3.6 Oxidase-like activity measurement (AA as a probe) 53
2.3.7 Singlet oxygen detection 53
2.3.8 Peroxidase-like activity measurement 54
2.3.9 Synthesis of coumarin probe 54
2.3.10 Catalytic propargyl cleavage of coumarin probe 55
CHAPTER 3 56
Results and Discussion 56
3.1 Synthesis a series of Au-Pd nanoalloys with High-Index Facets 56
3.1.1 Synthesis of Au-Pd alloy octapod 56
3.1.2 Growth mechanism of Au-Pd alloy octapod 61
3.2 Characterization of tetradecapod and trisoctahedron nanoalloy 68
3.3 Comparison between Au-Pd alloy octapod, tetradecapod and trisoctahedron 77
3.4 Facets dependent catalytic activity 85
3.4.1 4-nitrophenol reduction 85
3.4.2 Oxidase and peroxidase like activity 89
3.4.3 Propargyl cleavage 99
CHAPTER 4 105
Conclusion 105
Reference 106
Supporting Information 124

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