本論文主要的內容是設計並製造出在Sub GHz中可使用的寬頻且低損耗的環行器。首先探討電磁波在鐵氧體中的非互易性質以及損耗特性，其有助於我們了解鐵氧體的各項特性並且在設計產品時，可以選擇更具優勢的鐵氧體材料。除了找到縮小環行器尺寸的關鍵以外，我們也運用實驗室所設計的雙Y結理論中的運算決定中心帶線的基本形狀及尺寸，最後使用電磁波模擬軟體HFSS ( High Frequency Structure Simulator )進行結構優化。
此篇論文面臨最大的挑戰是為了因應IoT(Internet of Things)的到來，要將環行器在Sub-GHz的頻段，盡其所能的小型化，將過往的環行器大小縮小至一半的尺寸，並且設計成SMT(Surface Mount Technology)的型式。我們也克服了以往或是其他設計上需要額外增加一個介電環的結構限制。利用實驗室研發出來的雙Y結帶線結構，以及對於鐵氧體的特性操作，去設計出能符合產業界的標準Insertion loss 大於-0.35 dB的同時Reflection和Isolation 也小於-20 dB。此篇論文也將說明設計帶線上的關鍵以及如何呈現更寬的頻寬。
除了Sub-GHz的頻段以外，為了因應未來5G時代的來臨，我們也著手開始設計20-30GHz的環行器。在高頻段我們選擇將環行器設計成Microstrip 的型式，除了更簡易的結構以外，也能將尺寸縮小至10mm以下，讓原件在使用上增加了更多的自由度。

This work provides a detailed analysis and simulation to demonstrate how to broaden the operating bandwidth of a circulator. A double-Y junction circulator is designed, and the shape of the central stripline is optimized with the knowledge of a modified equation. The equation predicts two resonant conditions. The overlapping of the two resonant conditions jointly constitutes the broad bandwidth. The bias magnetic field is simulated and then used in full electromagnetic-wave simulation. The designed circulator was fabricated in the S-band for communication purpose. The overall operation range is from 925 to 960 MHz with the insertion loss less than 0.35 dB, reflection, and isolation better than 20 dB. The mechanism will be discussed.

目錄
第一章 緒論[2] 8
第二章 波在鐵氧磁體的行為[2] 11
2.1 鐵氧體的基本特性 11
2.2 鐵氧體內的導磁張量[3] 14
2.3 鐵氧體對左右旋波的影響[3] 16
2.4鐵氧體的損耗 17
2.5 鐵氧體的能量界限[22] 20
第三章 環行器的原理與設計[9],[10] 21
3.1環行器簡介 21
3.2環行條件推導 22
3.3雙Y圓盤結理論推導[6] 23
3.4雙Y結理論分析[6] 30
3.5磁場的選擇[6] 30
第四章 SMT環行器的模擬與設計 36
4.1 鐵氧體模擬参數 36
4.2小型化環行器過程及成果 36
4.3雙Y圓盤結環行器模擬設計與實驗量測 38
4.4 SMT環行器量具設計與實測 47
第五章 微帶線型環行器的模擬與設計 49
5.1微帶線型式環行器簡介 49
5.2 鐵氧體參數對於微帶線型式環行器 50
5.3 設計微帶線型式環行器 51
第六章 結論與未來展望 56
參考文獻 57

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