在量子資訊的領域中，如何操縱雙光子是重要的一環，而本實驗，利用539.5 nm的綠光作為pump laser打進單一極化方向的KTP晶體，在晶體中發生TYPE Ⅱ的自發參數下轉換，來產生1079nm的一對偏振互相垂直且頻率相同的糾纏光子，利用量子波形合成系統對雙光子波包的波形進行任意調製，並且以平頂波(Flat-Top)的波形和局部調整相位作為範例。我們經由模擬找出特定波形可以產生無損耗的過程，以及對非局部調製的驗證，最後利用雙光子的Hong-Ou-Mandel 干涉儀對波形的解析。

In this thesis, we use 539.5nm laser as pump to generate 1079nm degenerate biphoton through the type-II SPDC process provided by a designed nonlinear crystal(KTP). Using the quantum waveform synthesis system to arbitrarily modulate the shape of the biphoton wave packet, we demonstrate biphotons with Flat-Top shape and controllable phase pattern. We also study the possibility of lossless shaping, non-local modulation, and finally use the biphoton Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer to resolve the biphoton's shape.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖表目錄 VI
第一章 研究動機 1
第二章 實驗原理 2
2.1. 相位匹配(phase matching) 2
2.2. 量子波形合成系統[4] 4
2.3. Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉儀 14
2.4. Nonlocal modulation[6] 16
第三章 實驗架設 17
3.1. 光源區 17
3.1.1. 鈹酸鋰晶體(PPLN) 17
3.1.2. 產生糾纏光子 18
3.2. 實驗區架設 20
第四章 實驗方法及結果 22
4.1. 實驗方法 22
4.1.1. Single photon interference in Mach-Zehnder interferometer 22
4.1.2. Hong-Ou-Mandel 干涉儀[7] 27
4.2. 量子波形合成器 29
4.2.1. 一塊雙折射晶體的量子波形合成系統 30
4.2.2. 兩塊雙折射晶體的量子波形合成系統 36
4.3. 非局部調製(Nonlocal modulation) 45
第五章 結論 50
第六章 參考資料 51

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