近年來很多國家將排放權交易制度作為管制污染物的工具，為了讓廠商在污染減量的過程中可以更有彈性，很多排放權交易制度都會設計儲存機制，然而，儲存機制的設計會對廠商造成不同的影響，因此本研究將以高屏地區排放的總懸浮微粒做為排放權交易制度的管制目標，並且模擬在各國的儲存機制下，對於排放權交易市場及廠商決策的影響。本研究模擬結果顯示，在減量標準較寬鬆時，儲存機制對於減量成本的影響不大，然而，當管制標準趨近嚴格時，在較寬鬆的儲存機制下，能以較低的污染減量成本達成減量目標。

Recently, permit trading system has been used widely for pollution control in many countries. In order to offer more flexibility for permit trading, many systems have incorporated the banking design. At the same time, certain restriction might be imposed on the permit banking coefficients to maintain the environmental quality. Using total suspended particulates control in Kao-shiung and Ping-tung areas as an empirical example, this study analyzes how different banking designs current adopted in other countries could affect the trading market and firms’ emission control behavior. The results show that the banking design has little effect on the reduction costs when the regulation standards are loose. When the standards are strict, a relatively loose setting on the permit banking coefficients could help the government to reach the regulation targets with lower costs.

第一章 緒論 3
第一節 研究動機與目的 3
第二節 研究架構與流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 排放權制度相關文獻 6
第二節 非均勻混和污染物相關文獻 9
第三章 經濟模型 11
第四章 模擬結果分析 15
第一節 資料來源與說明 15
第二節 實證結果 15
第五章 結論 26
第一節 結論與建議 26
第二節 未來研究方向 27
參考文獻 28

一、專書

Dales, J.H. (1968). Pollution, property and prices: an essay in policy-making and economics. Toronto, Canada.: University of Toronto Press.

Tietenberg, T. (1985). Emissions Trading: an Exercise in Reforming Pollution Policy. Washington, D.C.: Future, Inc.

二、英文期刊論文

Antweiler, W. (2017). Emission trading for air pollution hot spots: getting the permit market right. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 19(1), 35-58.

Atkinson, S.E., and Tietenberg, T. (1982). The Empirical Properties of Two Classes of Designs for Transferable Discharge Permit Markets. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 9(2), 101-121.

Chevallier, J. (2012). Banking and borrowing in the EU-ETS: A review of economic modelling, current provisions and prospects for the future design. Journal of Economic Surveys, 26(1), 157-176.

Coase, R. (1960). The Problem of Social Cost. The Journal of Law & Economics, 3, 1-44.

Cronshaw, M.B. and Kruse, J.B. (1996). Regulated firms in pollution permit markets with banking. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 9(2), 179-189.

Ellerman, D., Valero, V. and Zaklan, A. (2015). An Analysis of Allowance Banking in the EU ETS. EUI Working Paper RSCAS 2015/29, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.

Førsund, F.R. and Nævdal, E. (1998). Efficiency Gains Under Exchange-Rate Emission Trading. Environmental & Resource Economics, 12(4), 403-423.

Hung, M.F. and D. Shaw (2005). A Trading-Ratio System for Trading Water Pollution Discharge Permits. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 49(1), 83-102.

Leard, B. (2013). The welfare effects of allowance banking in emissions trading programs. Environmental and Resource Economics, 55(2), 175-197.

Lintunen, J. and Kuusela, O.P. (2018). Business cycles and emission trading with banking. European Economic Review, 101(C), 397-417.

Liu, Y.P., Guo, J.F. and Fan, Y. (2017). A big data study on emitting companies' performance in the first two phases of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142(2), 1028-1043.

Montgomery, W.D. (1972). Markets in licenses and efficient pollution control programs. Journal of Economic Theory, 5(3), 395-418.

Muller, N.Z. and Mendelsohn, R. (2009). Efficient Pollution Regulation: Getting the Prices Right. American Economic Review, 99 (5), 1714-1739.

Richard Schmalensee and Robert N. Stavins (2017). Lessons Learned from Three Decades of Experience with Cap and Trade. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 11(1), 59-79.

Rubin, J. and Kling, C. (1993). An Emission Saved is an Emission Earned: An Empirical Study of Emission Banking for Light-Duty Vehicle Manufacturers. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 25(3), 257-274.

三、中文期刊論文

黃宗煌、李堅明(2001)。排放交易、廠商最適投資決策及經濟成長。農業經濟半年刊，70，1-35。

廖肇寧(2017)。台灣排放權交易制度之儲存機制設計之探討－以硫氧化物管制為例。農業經濟叢刊，23，119-146。

魏國棟、何昇融(2004)。不同市場結構下排放權交易機制分析。農業經濟半年刊，75，61-82。

四、學位論文

張村品(2004)。高高屏地區試行空氣污染排放權交易之市場分析。國立成功大學政治經濟研究所碩士論文。

劉曉蘭(2001)。固定污染源空氣污染防制效率與成本結構之探討。國立台北大學資源管理研究所碩士論文。

蔡其融(2001)。空氣污染排放權交易之經濟分析-以高高屏地區總懸浮微粒管制為例。國立清華大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。