近年來為了提倡智慧校園,清華大學開發了多種基於 LoRa 與 NB-IoT 的多
功能、智慧型穿戴式裝置。我們開發的這個穿戴式裝置可以運用在許多不同的場
景,例如:「監測籃球場的使用狀況、追蹤校園流浪狗的所在位置、監測校園中洗
衣機的使用頻率...等等」。並藉由自行開發的 IoT 平台,把數據完整地呈現出來。

在這篇論文中,我們開發的這套穿戴式裝置具有低功耗藍芽、GPS、三軸加
速度計與 LoRa 通訊模組。我們佈署這些裝置在不的應用場景(例如籃球場、體育
館、校園公車)我們會去監控籃球場、健身器材的使用狀況;在校園巴士方面我們
就可以即時去定位追蹤。這個穿戴式裝置每個元件的功能如下:首先使用 BLE MCU
去控制整個穿戴式裝置並蒐集感應模組回傳的資料;第二點,使用三軸加速度計
去感知周圍震動的發生;第三點,我們使用 SONY 的 GPS 模組去取得目前位置。最
後,蒐集完資料後使用 LoRa 通訊模組傳送到基地台。當料傳送到雲端後,我們使
用 Laravel 框架建立一套 IoT 平台,把雲端數據蒐集下來、用多種圖表去分析。
最後,我們希望透過這套系統可以讓學生充分使用學校現有的教學資源;另一方
面,透過位置定位與跌倒偵測,希望可以加強社會上老人的生活安全。

To advocate smart campus, National Tsing Hua University is developing several
wearable sensors based on wireless communications technologies including LoRa and
NB-IoT. These devices deployed in various scenarios such as monitoring the usage of a
basketball court on campus, location management of stray dogs on campus and so on.

In this thesis, we developed a LoRa-based wearable sensor that provides BLE,
GPS, 3-axis accelerometer and a LoRa communication module. We deployed these
devices in three different scenarios (basketball courts, gym, school bus) to monitor the
usage of the basketball court, fitness equipment in the gym and monitor the location of
the school bus. Each component’s function in the wearable sensor are listed below: In
the first place, we use BLE MCU to control the wearable sensor to collect data. Secondly,
we use 3-axis accelerometer to detect the vibration in the surrounding area. Thirdly, we
use SONY GPS to get the current location. Finally, we use LoRa to transmit all the data
we have collected from the wearable. When data transmitted to the remote server; we
build a Smart IoT platform based on the Laravel framework to analyze all data and
organize all data with multiple charts. Finally, we hope that this system will help the
student to take the best use of the education resource on the campus. On the other hand,
we also hope that this system will enhance the security of the elderly in society.

Keywords—IoT, LoRa, Smart Campus, IoT Platform, Laravel

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................... I
中文摘要................................................................................................................................................ II
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................................................. III
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. IV
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... VI
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................................... VII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 IoT.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Wearable sensor...........................................................................................................................1
1.1.3 Wireless Technologies..................................................................................................................2
1.1.4 LoRaWAN .....................................................................................................................................2
1.1.5 IoT Platform..................................................................................................................................3
1.2 MOTIVATION ...........................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORK....................................................................................................................5
2.1 IOT ........................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 LORA AND LORAWAN..............................................................................................................................5
2.2.1 LoRa..............................................................................................................................................6
2.2.2 LoRaWAN Architecture.................................................................................................................7
2.2.3 LoRaWAN Classes.........................................................................................................................8
2.3 BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY(BLE)..................................................................................................................9
2.4 WEARABLES TYPES..................................................................................................................................10
2.4.1 Wrist-worn .................................................................................................................................10
2.4.2 Head-mounted Devices ..............................................................................................................11
2.4.3 Other Accessories.......................................................................................................................11
2.5 IOT PLATFORM.......................................................................................................................................12
2.5.1 AWS IoT Platform .......................................................................................................................12
2.5.2 Chunghwa Telecom IoT Platform ...............................................................................................13
2.6 IOT APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE.............................................................................................................14
2.6.1 Precision Farming.......................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ......................................................................................................15
3.1 SYSTEM STRUCTURE OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................15
3.1.1 Wearable Sensor Specification...................................................................................................17
3.1.2 Hardware ...................................................................................................................................18
3.1.3 Software .....................................................................................................................................21
3.2 DATA FORWARDING SERVICE ....................................................................................................................25
3.3 IOTPLATFORM........................................................................................................................................26
3.3.1 Laravel MVC Design Pattern ......................................................................................................26
3.3.2 WebSocket..................................................................................................................................26
3.3.3 PUSHER.......................................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION.................................................................................................29
4.1 VIBRATION MODE AND GPS MODE OF THE WEARABLE ..................................................................................29

v

4.1.1 Vibration Mode ..........................................................................................................................29
4.1.2 GPS Mode...................................................................................................................................30
4.1.3 Bluetooth Commands.................................................................................................................30
4.2 IOT PLATFORM.......................................................................................................................................33
4.2.1 User instructions to IoT Platform ...............................................................................................33
4.2.2 Security APIs and APIs Data Services..........................................................................................39
4.3 ENERGY SAVING .....................................................................................................................................41
4.3.1 Different Types of Power Consumption......................................................................................41
4.3.2 Battery Management.................................................................................................................43
4.4 APPLICATIONS ON THE CAMPUS .................................................................................................................44
4.4.1 Basketball Courts Monitoring.....................................................................................................44
4.4.2 Fitness Equipment Monitoring ...................................................................................................45
4.4.3 School Bus Tracking....................................................................................................................45
4.5 THE QUALITY OF THE LORA SIGNAL AND THE TRANSMISSION DISTANCE ............................................................47
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK......................................................................................49
5.1 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................................49
5.2 FUTURE WORK.......................................................................................................................................50
REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................................51

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