受到日漸嚴重的酒駕議題以及觀護期間難以追蹤酒後駕駛緩起訴個案的飲酒行為的啟發，本研究藉助治療性司法的觀念，提出「行車安全確認」的行動支援系統，探討如何透過緩起訴的觀護力量輔以此系統來協助酒駕緩起訴個案避免酒駕再犯的風險。研究期間，個案可以在日常生活中使用客製化的酒測器，透過藍芽連接至個案手機，因而個案可以自行安排時間進行酒精篩檢。若酒測出有喝酒時，手機應用程式會辨識高風險移動事件，進而提醒個案在自駕前需進行酒測以確保其酒精狀況合適駕駛。

為評估「行車安全確認」適用性以及潛力，本研究招募15位酒駕緩起訴個案進行三個月的實驗，所有個案均接受治療，其中10位實驗組個案會於研究期間使用「行車安全確認」。研究結果顯示，六位實驗組個案在潛在有高危險情境的自駕前，透過「行車安全確認」進行多次連續測試，以確保體內酒精濃度合適駕駛。透過自我回報用車情形，觀護人可以得知更多酒駕的高風險情況，進一步評估酒駕再犯的風險。而控制組個案會受到回憶限制以及主觀差異造成高風險酒移動事件偏差。透過質性訪談的整理，我們歸納出了五個「行車安全確認」搭配緩起訴的觀護效力如何幫助使用者減少酒駕再犯的風險。

Motivated by the serious issue of Driving Under the Influence of alcohol (DUI) and the difficulty to track DUI offenders’ conditions during scheduled meetings for probation officers. This study explores how to leverage probation force to support offenders on probation, who convicted of DUI, in reducing the risk of DUI recidivism. A mobile support system based on the concept of therapeutic jurisprudence(TJ), called SoberMotion, designed and prototyped to assist offenders on probation in recording alcohol use by utilizing customized breathalyzers connected to a phone app installed on their phones via Bluetooth. The phone app also identifies high-risk moving events to remind offenders checking if sober before operating vehicles.

A three-month field study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and potential of SoberMotion. Participants included 15 DUI offenders on probation. By complementing the alcohol screening tests with self-operating high-risk events, we found that 6 intervention participants use SoberMotion to avoid potential DUI behavior by performing multiple tests before operating vehicles. Relatively, control participants have difficulty in recalling their alcohol-related behaviors; therefore, they might have memory biases on self-operating high-risk events. Qualitative interviews were conducted to draw five salient themes demonstrating how the probation power influences the participants through SoberMotion. The study contributes by providing quantitative and qualitative emerging themes which helps offenders exploring ways to reduce the risk of DUI recidivism.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Background 4
Chapter 3 Pilot Study: Understanding the Difficulty of Supporting DUI Offenders on Probation 6
3.1 Difficulties Faced by Probation Officers 7
3.2 Considerations when Applying Sensing Technology 8
3.3 Incorporating Technology to Complement DUI Probation 9
3.4 Leveraging the Law in Support of Offenders 10
Chapter 4 System Overview 13
4.1 Portable Breathalyzer 13
4.2 SoberMotion Phone App 14
4.2.1 User Interface 14
4.2.2 DUI Preventing Functional Module 15
4.3 Management Server 19
4.3.1 Face verification 19
4.3.2 Management Services 20
4.4 Implementation 21
2.4.1 Portable Bluetooth Breathalyzer 21
Chapter 5 User Study 23
5.1 Participant 23
5.2 Procedure 25
5.2.1 Pre-study (baseline) medical assessment 25
5.2.2 12-week study using SoberMotion 26
5.2.3 Post-study interview 27
5.3 Measures 27
5.4 Data analysis 28
5.5 Quantitative Results 29
5.5.1 Self-reporting behavior 29
5.5.2 Assisting offenders to be aware of alcohol metabolism and risk of DUI 30
5.5.3 Complementing alcohol treatment in managing alcohol use 32
5.6 Qualitative Findings 33
5.6.1 Adoption of screening tests 34
5.6.2 Becoming aware of alcohol metabolism and risk of DUI 36
5.6.3 Reinforcing testing before driving through high-risk moving event detection 38
5.6.4 Facilitating communications with psychiatrists and probation officers 40
5.6.5 Assisting probation officers in understanding self-operating high-risk events 42
Chapter6 Discussion and Limitation 46
6.1 The accuracy of customized breathalyzer 46
6.2 Offloading the probation tasks of low-risk DUI offenders to probation assistants 47
6.3 Limitations 48
Chapter7 Conclusion 49
REFERENCE 50

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