這篇論文提供了一套分散式嵌入系統，利用已經商用的發光二極體(LED)燈條黏貼至櫃子上，讓使用者組出任一形狀的拓樸，並在圖形式使用者介面(GUI)上顯示出對應拓樸圖形，並讓使用者可以依照需求亮出對應的燈條。主要的應用為醫院的藥櫃系統，利用LED燈的指示，避免藥劑師發生取藥錯誤的問題。最主要的挑戰在於讓使用者可以在LED燈條的限制下隨心所欲的重組形狀，即使非相關知識人員皆可上手。為了這個目的，我們將耦合系統作為基本建塊並連接LED燈條，利用有線及無線的溝通協定使其自我發覺圖形拓樸。每次產生的結果皆會顯示在使用者端上的電腦，以使用者角度觀點不必再做任何的設定調整或重新設計程式，大幅簡化每次變動的時間及成本。實驗結果顯示出我們的方法對於使用者來說是直覺的，並在擴展拓樸的同時擁有最小的性能開銷。

This thesis presents a distributed coupling embedded system that can be used to compose commercial off-the-shelf LED strip lights in grid or general graph topologies. The main application is the medicine compartment indicator for pharmacists to make sure they do not dispense the incorrect prescription drugs. The challenge is to enable lay users to reconfigure the indicator system in the shape they want under the constraint of the LED strip light. To
accomplish this, we make our coupling systems as the basic building blocks for conncting strip lights and it can discover the graph topology using a mix of wired and wireless communication protocols. The resulting system can be readily controlled from a host computer using a graphical user interface (GUI) with no manual configuration or any programming. Experimental results show that our distributed coupling approach to be intuitive with minimal performance overhead while being scalable.

Contents i
Acknowledgments vi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation ........................................ 1
1.2 Background ........................................ 2
1.2.1 CISP ............................................ 2
1.2.2 EcoJimu v1 ...................................... 3
1.3 Contributions ..................................... 4
1.4 Thesis Organization ............................... 4
2 Background and Related Work 5
2.1 Background ........................................ 5
2.1.1 LED Strip Light ................................. 5
2.1.2 I2S ............................................. 7
2.2 Related Work ...................................... 8
2.2.1 Reconfigurable Module System .................... 8
2.2.2 Topology Discovery Mechanism .................... 9
2.2.3 I2S Related Work ................................ 10
3 System Architecture 11
3.1 Hardware Building Blocks of EcoJimu ............... 11
3.1.1 Couplers ........................................ 11
3.1.2 Tubes ........................................... 12
3.2 System Block Diagram .............................. 12
3.2.1 EcoJimu Subsystem ............................... 12
3.2.2 Host Subsystem .................................. 13
4 Technical Approach 14
4.1 Firmware .......................................... 14
4.1.1 Communication Specification ..................... 14
4.2 Workflow .......................................... 18
4.2.1 Brodcast Stage .................................. 19
4.2.2 I2S Transmission Stage .......................... 21
4.2.3 Data Collection Stage ........................... 21
4.3 Software .......................................... 25
4.3.1 Communication specification ..................... 25
4.3.2 Workflow ........................................ 26
5 Implementation 27
5.1 Hardware .......................................... 27
5.1.1 Schematic ....................................... 28
5.2 Software GUI ...................................... 29
6 Evaluation 32
6.1 Experimental Setup ................................ 32
6.2 Experimental Result ............................... 32
6.2.1 Latency ......................................... 33
6.2.2 Success Rate .................................... 34
6.3 Discussion ........................................ 34
6.3.1 Flexibility ..................................... 36
6.3.2 Scalability ..................................... 36
6.3.3 Reliability ..................................... 36
6.3.4 Interface ....................................... 37
6.3.5 Cost ............................................ 37
7 Conclusions and Future Work 38
7.1 Conclusions ....................................... 38
7.2 Future Work ....................................... 38

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