隨著物聯網的發展，物聯網技術正在改變農業的型態，使農業變得更加智慧，讓農民能夠更好的面對他們所面臨的挑戰，智慧農業是現代農業發展的高級階段，也是現代農業希望實現的一個重要目標，透過物聯網技術，建立環境監控以及自動化控制系統，一旦設定好監控條件，系統可完全自動化進行，然而智慧農業可能面臨以下問題:(1)農田腹地太遼闊以致於無線通訊的傳輸距離不夠長 (2)大多數的農田都處於沒有電力的環境，因此我們結合了LPWAN來解決上述的問題，可將傳輸距離提升至數十公里涵蓋整個農場，而其低功耗的特性可使用電池來供電，數年才需要更換一次電池。

在本篇論文中，我們提出了一套基於長距離低功耗物聯網網路之智慧農業監測及自動化控制系統，整合了許多感測器結合LoRa通訊模組組成Sensor Hub，使用LoRa P2P模式建構LoRa網路將Senor Hub所收集到的原始感測數據發送到Gateway將原始感測數據解析過後再儲存到資料庫，我們也提供了手機應用程式，讓使用者可以方便的透過手機觀看植物生長環境的數據，此外，使用者可以透過我們的手機應用程式設置規則觸發事件，有兩種類型的事件，一種是警示通知事件，另一種則是控制事件，透過設置規則來觸發控制事件達成自動化控制。Gateway與Controller之間，我們提供了三種無線通訊方式，LoRa P2P、NB-IoT、Socket，讓使用者可以依據不同的場域需求，選擇合適的控制通訊方式。

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), IoT technology is transforming the agriculture industry, making agriculture more intelligent, enabling farmers to better face the challenges they face. Intelligent agriculture is an advanced stage of modern agricultural development and an important goal that modern agriculture hopes to achieve. With the IoT technology to establish an environmental monitoring and automation control system, once the monitoring conditions are set, the system can be fully automated. However, intelligent agriculture may face: (1) the farm is so vast that the transmission distance of wireless communication is not long enough (2) most of the farmland is in an environment without electricity, Therefore, we combined Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) to solve the above problems and increase the transmission distance to dozens of kilometers to cover the entire farm, and its low-power features allow the sensor hub to be powered by a battery, and it takes years to replace the battery.
In this thesis, we propose an intelligent agriculture monitoring and automation control system based on LPWAN. We built a sensor hub that integrates many agricultural sensors and LoRa communication module. We use LoRa P2P mode to build a LoRa network to send the raw sensor data collected by the sensor hub to the gateway. The gateway will convert raw sensing data received from different devices into human-readable data and store it in the database. We provide a mobile application to allow users to easily view the data of the growing environment of the crop. In addition, the user can trigger events according to the user's setting rules through the mobile application. There are two types of events, one is a warning notification and the other is a control event. Automatic control can be achieved by setting control events. We also integrated the controllers to the controlled devices. We provide three ways of communication between the gateway and the controller. The first is the LoRa P2P. The second is the NB-IoT. The third is the socket. It allows users to flexibly choose according to different needs of the field.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Related Works 4
2.1 LoRa and LoRaWAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 NB-IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Related Works of Intelligent Agriculture System . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3 System Architecture 10
3.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Sensor Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 Back-end Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3.1 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3.2 API Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.4 Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.4.1 Raw data Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.4.2 Rules Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.5 Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.5.1 Command Parser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.6 Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.7 Controlled Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter 4 System Implementation 15
4.1 Sensor Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1.1 Modbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.2 Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2.1 Raw data Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2.2 Rules Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.3 Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.3.1 Sensor Hub to Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.3.2 Gateway to Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.4 Back-end Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.4.1 API Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.4.2 API Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.4.3 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.5 Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.5.1 Command Parser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.6 Mobile App . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.6.1 RESTful API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.6.2 Push Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.6.3 User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chapter 5 Experiment 46
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work 53
Bibliography 55

[1] Semteck, “LoRa,” https://www.semtech.com/technology/lora, accessed:
2018-07-16.
[2] “Weightless open standard,” http://www.weightless.org, accessed: 2018-07-
16.
[3] “Sigfox,” https://www.sigfox.com, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[4] “Wi-Fi HaLow,” https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-halow, accessed:
2018-07-16.
[5] ingenu, “RPMA,” https://www.ingenu.com/technology/rpma/, accessed:
2018-07-16.
[6] “LoRaWAN,” https://www.lora-alliance.org/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[7] “3GPP,” http://www.3gpp.org/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[8] HUAWEI, “NB-IoT White Paper,” https://www.huawei.com/minisite/iot/
img/nb_iot_whitepaper_en.pdf, accessed: 2018-07-16.
9] L. Dan, C. Xin, H. Chongwei, and J. Liangliang, “Intelligent agriculture greenhouse
environment monitoring system based on iot technology,” in Intelligent Transportation, Big Data and Smart City (ICITBS), 2015 International Conference
on. IEEE, 2015, pp. 487–490.
[10] S. B. Saraf and D. H. Gawali, “Iot based smart irrigation monitoring and
controlling system,” in Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication
Technology (RTEICT), 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on.
IEEE, 2017, pp. 815–819.
11] D.-C. Trancă, F.-A. Stancu, R. Rughinis, and D. Rosner, “Silosense: Zigbeebased
wireless measurement system architecture for agriculture parameter
monitoring,” in Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT),
2017 4th International Conference on. IEEE, 2017, pp. 0330–0335.
[12] “ZigBee,” http://www.zigbee.org/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[13] C. Yoon, M. Huh, S.-G. Kang, J. Park, and C. Lee, “Implement smart farm
with iot technology,” in Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2018
20th International Conference on. IEEE, 2018, pp. 749–752.
[14] D. Davcev, K. Mitreski, S. Trajkovic, V. Nikolovski, and N. Koteli, “Iot agriculture
system based on lorawan,” in 2018 14th IEEE International Workshop
on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). IEEE, 2018.
[15] D. Ilie-Ablachim, G. C. Pătru, I.-M. Florea, and D. Rosner, “Monitoring
device for culture substrate growth parameters for precision agriculture:
Acronym: Monisen,” in RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and
Research, 2016 15th. IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–7.
[16] “Modbus,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modbus, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[17] “RS-485,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-485, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[18] AcSiP, “EK-S76SXB,” http://www.acsip.com.tw/index.php?action=
products-detail&fid1=21&fid2=&fid3=&id=73, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[19] “Acsip technology corp,” http://www.acsip.com.tw, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[20] Eagletek, “ENK,” http://www.eagletek.com.tw/goods.php?act=view&no=
205, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[21] “EAGLETEK,” http://www.eagletek.com.tw/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[22] Chunghwa Telecom, “Chunghwa Telecom’s IoT platform,” https://iot.cht.
com.tw/iot/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[23] “Flask,” https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[24] “Flask-RESTful,” https://github.com/flask-restful/flask-restful, accessed:
2018-07-16.
[25] M. Jones, J. Bradley, and N. Sakimura, “Json web token (jwt),” Tech. Rep.,
2015.
[26] “MongoDB,” https://www.mongodb.com/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[27] MongoDB, “NoSQL Databases Explained,” https://www.mongodb.com/
nosql-explained, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[28] “Relational database management system,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Relational_database_management_system, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[29] R. T. Fielding and R. N. Taylor, Architectural styles and the design of networkbased
software architectures. University of California, Irvine Doctoral dissertation,
2000, vol. 7.
[30] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, and
T. Berners-Lee, “Hypertext transfer protocol–http/1.1,” Tech. Rep., 1999.
[31] Firebase, “Firebase Cloud Messaging,” https://firebase.google.com/docs/
cloud-messaging/, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[32] RASPBERRY PI FOUNDATION, “Raspberry pi 3 model b,” https://www.
raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b, accessed: 2018-07-16.
[33] “General-purpose input/ output,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
General-purpose_input/output, accessed: 2018-07-16.