摘 要
本研究研製分切合整數位控制多階層模組雙向轉換器。轉換器可應用於同步補償器、高壓直流輸電、背對背系統、馬達驅動、及電池儲能系統等。分切合整數位控制法的特點是可以將電感值隨著電流的變化納入考量。在相同的電流下，若跟傳統的控制法相比，分切合整數位控制法可以得到較小的電感體積。各台控制器可藉由此控制法精準得到相應的責任比率，再經由交錯式脈波寬度調變，達到降低電流漣波的效果。本研究利用多階層模組轉換器，執行併網模式，將能量饋入市電端。此外，模組電容穩壓是將責任比率中，額外添加ㄧ個微小的變化量，以此來調節模組電壓。
本研究的貢獻為以下幾點，第一點為採用分切合整數位控制法，除了可將電感變化納入計算，也可以利用此控制法得到模組電容電壓表示式，對選擇模組電容以降低漣波有很大的幫助。第二點為採用分散式控制，解決模組擴充受限於控制器模組數量的問題。在控制方面，則是藉由各區域控制器計算出電流命令，並利用中央控制器統一對區域控制器進行調整。第三點為採用多階層架構實現高壓直流傳輸。利用模組串接，可以有效地提高直流鏈電壓，如此一來，在遠距離直流微電網傳輸過程中，可以選擇較細傳輸導線。
最後，本研究實作多階層模組雙向轉換器系統，並經由實測結果驗證本論文所提出的控制法則。

關鍵字:分切合整數位控制、交錯式脈波寬度調變、模組電容穩壓、分散式多階層模組轉換器

Abstract
This research designs and implements division-summation (D-Σ) digital controlled bi-directional modular multilevel converters. Modular multilevel converters are widely used in STATCOM, HVDC, back-to-back power transfer systems, motor driving and battery storage systems. The D-Σ digital control method can take into account inductance variation with the change of filter current. Compared with traditional control methode, the D-Σ digital control can reduce core volume under the same current level. Use interleaving method can reduce the inductor current ripple. In this research, we implement modular multilevel converters to realize real-power injection into the grid. Besides, the D-Σ digital control introduces a small duty ratio to achieve cell-capacitor voltage regulation.
The main contributions of this research are as follows. The first one is to adopt D-Σ digital control. We can not only take the inductance variation into consideration, but can obtain a cell voltage expression. Secondly, distributed control is used to solve the limitation of the number of modules controlled by a single controller. This control method can use each local controller to calculate duty cycle and adopting a central controller to synchronize all local controllers. Thirdly, we adopt the MMC to realize HVDCs and to effectively improve the dc-bus voltage regulation. It is useful in reducing diameter of transmission line for a long-distance dc microgrid.
Finally, bi-directional modular multilevel converters have been implemented, and measured results have verified the current tracking control law and voltage regulation schemes.



Keywords: D-Σ digital control, interleaved PWM, cell-capacitor voltage regulation and Grid-Connected Modular Multilevel Converter with Distributed Control.

目 錄
誌 謝 I
摘 要 II
Abstract III
目 錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 轉換器系統架構 2
1.2.1 轉換器系統架構 2
1.2.2 多階層模組轉換器 4
1.2.3 控制法 5
1.3 論文大綱 7
第二章 多階層模組轉換器架構與動作原理 8
2.1 轉換器系統架構 8
2.2 模組電路模組架構 9
2.3 模組電路動作原理 9
2.4 系統動作 10
2.4.1 電流命令 11
2.4.2 電流追蹤控制法-分切合整數位控制 12
2.5 開關訊號調變 16
第三章 模組穩壓與線性調變範圍 19
3.1 模組穩壓控制 19
3.2 電壓範圍 23
3.3 模組電容電壓表示式 25
第四章 分散式控制同步方法及通訊 27
4.1 分散式控制電路架構 27
4.2 中央控制器 28
4.2.1 市電電壓偵測 28
4.2.2 錯誤訊號偵測 28
4.2.3 模組個數偵測 29
4.2.4 模組電壓總合 29
4.2.5 載波同步 29
4.2.6 電磁接觸器訊號 30
4.2.7 溝通訊號 30
4.3 區域控制器 31
4.3.1 同步電路 31
4.3.2 電感電流偵測 31
4.3.3 模組電壓偵測 32
4.3.4 溝通訊號 32
4.4 同步方法 33
4.4.1 同步訊號傳遞 33
4.4.2 同步訊號 33
4.5 通訊方法 35
4.5.1 串列傳輸 35
4.5.2 廣播傳輸 35
4.6 交錯模式 38
第五章 周邊電路設計 39
5.1 輔助電源 39
5.2 開關驅動電路 40
5.3 模組電容電壓回授電路 41
5.4 市電降壓電路 42
5.5 電感電流回授電路 43
5.6 硬體保護電路 44
5.7 輔助電源自我檢測電路 45
5.8 緊急開關電路 47
5.9 串列傳輸電路 47
5.10 光纖電路 48
第六章 韌體規劃 50
6.1 微控制器介紹 51
6.2 程式流程 53
6.2.1 主程式流程 53
6.2.2 A/D中斷副程式 54
6.2.3 A/D保護副程式 57
第七章 模擬與實作驗證 59
7.1 電氣規格 59
7.2 實務考量 60
7.3 模擬與實作 69
第八章 結論與未來研究方向 82
8.1 結論 82
8.2 未來研究方向 83
參考文獻 84

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