切換式電源具備高效率、高功率密度、物理尺寸較小等優點。隨著其快速發展和應用的同時，內部電磁環境也日益複雜，伴隨產生大量電磁干擾將嚴重影響設備正常運行。EMI濾波器是抑制開關電源中傳導電磁干擾的有效手段，因此本研究具有重要意義。
本研究首先從外部因素和切換式電源內部因素兩方面分析了電磁干擾產生的原理，並分析三相轉換器工作原理以及其EMI雜訊源產生和傳播路徑。其次，本文說明了傳導電磁干擾實驗環境和規範，提出三相轉換器的傳導電磁干擾濾波器設計系統化公式，分析濾波器元件頻率特性，並選擇合理的電容、電感元件使其通過標準規範。
本研究的主要貢獻如下：第一提出新型傳導電磁干擾濾波器設計公式，有別於傳統轉折頻率法設計方式，彌補其無法說明共模電感值對應工作頻率和濾波器因高頻效應無法發揮正常濾波功能等缺點。第二是介紹了常用EMI濾波器材料的特點和差異，分析濾波器組成元件的頻率特性，並合理選擇適當磁芯材料和繞線方式使濾波效果達到最佳。同時，對阻尼消除EMI高頻諧振進行分析，計算諧振迴路等效參數並模擬驗證。最後，本研究基於三相三線轉換器的電磁干擾進行濾波器設計和實驗，頻譜分析儀上呈現的共模、差模雜訊頻譜和時域電壓電流量測波形均驗證了EMI濾波器設計的正確性，能夠很好的通過電磁干擾標準規範。

Switching power supplies have the advantages of high efficiency, high power density, and small physical size. Along with their rapid development and application, the internal electromagnetic environment is also becoming increasingly complex, and accompanied by a large number of electromagnetic interference (EMI), it will seriously affect the normal operation of the equipment. EMI filter is an effective mean to suppress conductive electromagnetic interference in switching power supplies, thus, this study is of significant importance.
This research first analyzes the mechanism of EMI from the external factors and the internal factors of switching power supplies, and focuses on the principle of a three-phase inverter and its EMI noise source generation and propagation path. Secondly, this paper describes the experimental environment and specifications of conducted EMI, proposes systematic formula for the design of conductive EMI filters for three-phase inverters, analyzes the frequency characteristics of the filter components, and selects proper capacitor and inductor components to comply with the EMI standard (EN55011).
The main contributions of this research are as follows: The first is to propose new conductive EMI filter design formula, which are different from the traditional corner frequency design method, making up for its inability to explain the common mode inductance corresponding to the operating frequency. Additionally the conventional filter design can not play the normal filter function due to high frequency effects and other shortcomings. The second is to introduce the characteristics and differences of commonly used EMI filter materials, analyze the frequency characteristics of the filter components and select appropriate core material and winding method to achieve the best filtering effect. At the same time, the high-frequency resonance of damping EMI is analyzed, and the equivalent parameters of the resonance loop are calculated, simulated and verified. Finally, the filter design and experiment are based on the EMI of a three-phase three-wire inverter. The common-mode and differential-mode noise spectrum presented on the spectrum analyzer and the experimental waveforms of the time-domain voltage and current verify the design of the EMI filter, which can well comply with the EMI standard.
Keywords—Electromagnetic Interference, EMI Filter, EMI Magnetic Component Analysis, Conducted EMI Experiments, Damping Simulation.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 三相轉換器簡介 3
1.2.2 三相轉換器之傳導電磁干擾雜訊分離法的文獻探討 6
1.2.3 三相轉換器之傳導電磁干擾濾波器的設計文獻探討 6
1.3 論文大綱 8
第二章 電磁干擾分析及EMI濾波器原理 9
2.1 轉換器架構與動作原理 9
2.2 電磁干擾產生原因 12
2.2.1 電磁干擾簡介 13
2.2.2 切換式電源雜訊產生原因 15
2.3 轉換器系統干擾源分析 18
2.4 EMI濾波器原理 23
2.5 實驗量測說明與規範 24
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 三相轉換器簡介 3
1.2.2 三相轉換器之傳導電磁干擾雜訊分離法的文獻探討 6
1.2.3 三相轉換器之傳導電磁干擾濾波器的設計文獻探討 6
1.3 論文大綱 8
第二章 電磁干擾分析及EMI濾波器原理 9
2.1 轉換器架構與動作原理 9
2.2 電磁干擾產生原因 12
2.2.1 電磁干擾簡介 13
2.2.2 切換式電源雜訊產生原因 15
2.3 轉換器系統干擾源分析 18
2.4 EMI濾波器原理 23
2.5 實驗量測說明與規範 24
2.5.1 電磁干擾測試規範 24
2.5.2 實驗量測說明 26
第三章 轉換器系統設計 29
3.1 輔助電源 29
3.2 開關隔離驅動電路 31
3.3 直流鏈電壓偵測電路 34
3.4 交流電壓偵測電路 35
3.5 電感電流偵測電路 37
3.6 硬體保護電路 39
第四章 傳導電磁干擾濾波器設計 41
4.1 待測物原始雜訊量測 41
4.2 新型傳導電磁干擾濾波器設計 43
4.2.1 轉折頻率法之共模和差模公式推導 44
4.2.2 新型傳導電磁干擾濾波器設計 45
4.3 元件高頻寄生特性對濾波器性能之影響 50
4.3.1 電容器和電感器之高頻模型 51
4.3.2 寄生参数對濾波器插入損耗的影響 53
4.3.3 EMI 濾波器的優化 54
第五章 濾波器元件選擇與實測驗證 56
5.1 常用EMI濾波器的材料介紹與分析 56
5.2 濾波器元件的頻率特性 60
5.2.1 濾波器電容、電感選取原則 60
5.2.2 電感元件頻率特性 61
5.3 有效抑制EMI方法和實驗驗證 63
5.3.1 設計濾波器步驟說明 63
5.3.2 EMI實驗量測波形與驗證 67
5.3.3 未經過EMI濾波器的干擾測試 68
5.3.4 經過EMI濾波器後LISN側干擾測試 70
5.4 阻尼消除EMI高頻諧振 74
5.4.1 阻尼電阻降低EMI干擾分析 74
5.4.2 諧振回路等效參數計算 74
5.4.3 阻尼電阻計算和模擬驗證 76
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 78
6.1 結論 78
6.2 未來研究方向 79
參考文獻 81

[1] CISPR22 International Electro-technical Commission, “Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment,” 1933.
[2] A. J. Maddocks, “Recent developments in European EMC standards,” Ninth International Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1994.
[3] “歐洲電磁兼容法規、標準與執行”，國家技術監督局標準化公司和全國無線電干擾標準技術委員會，1994年10月.
[4] FCC Part 15,“FCC Rules for radio frequency devices”,1997.
[5] 王慶斌.電磁干擾與電磁兼容技術[M].北京：機械工業出版社，1988，15-17.
[6] R. Kay, “Co-ordination of IEC standards on EMC and the importance of participating in standards work,” Seventh International Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 1-6, 1990.
[7] 楊克俊.電磁兼容原理與設計技術[M].北京：人民郵電出版社，2011，33-34.
[8] M. B. de Rossiter Correa, C. B. Jacobina, E. R. C. da Silva and A. M. N. Lima, “A General PWM Strategy for Four-Switch Three-Phase Inverters,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1618-1627, Nov. 2006.
[9] C. Qiao and K. M. Smedley, “Three-phase grid-connected inverters interface for alternative energy sources with unified constant-frequency integration control,” Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, vol.4, pp. 2675-2682, 2001.
[10] Y. Chen and K. M. Smedley, “Parallel Operation of One-Cycle Controlled Three-Phase PFC Rectifiers,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3217-3224, Dec. 2007.
[11] R. Zhang, V. H. Prasad, D. Boroyevich, and F. C. Lee, “Three-Dimensional Space Vector Modulation for Four-Leg Voltage-Source Converters,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 314-326, May. 2002.
[12] E. Demirkutlu and A. M. Hava, “A Scalar Resonant-Filter-Bank-Based Output-Voltage Control Method and a Scalar Minimum-Switching-Loss Discontinuous PWM Method for the Four-Leg-Inverter-Based Three-phase Four-Wire Power Supply,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 982-991, May-June 2009.
[13] W. Shen, F. Wang and D. Boroyevich, “Conducted EMI characteristic and its implications to filter design in 3-phase diode front-end converters,” in Proc. IEEE Ind. Appl. Conf., pp. 1840-1846, 2004.
[14] W. Shen, F. Wang, D. Boroyevich, and Y. Liu, “Definition and acquisition of CM and DM EMI noise for general-purpose adjustable speed motor drives,” in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., pp. 1028-1033, 2004.
[15] L. Ran, J. C. Clare, K. J. Bradley, and C. Christopoulos, “Measurement of conducted electromagnetic emissions in PWM motor drive systems without the need for an LISN,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol.41, no.1, pp. 50-55, Feb.1999.
[16] Q. Liu, W. Shen, F. Wang, D. Borojevich and V. Stefanovic, “On discussion of motor drive conducted EMI issues,” in Proc. Int. Power Electron. Motion Control Conf., pp. 1515-1520, 2004.
[17] M. L. Heldwein, J. Biela, H. Ertl, T. Nussbaumer and J. W. Kolar, “Novel three-phase CM/DM conducted emissions separator,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 3693-3703, Sept. 2009.
[18] J. C. Shifman., “A Graphical Method for the Analysis and synthesis of electromagnetic interference filter,” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol.7: 297-318, 1965.
[19] L. Tihanyi, “Electromagnetic compatibility in Power Electronics,” IEEE PRESS, New York, 115-119, 1994.
[20] F. Y. Shih, D. Y. Chen, Y. P. Wu and Y. T. Chen, “A procedure for designing EMI filters for AC line applications,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 170-181, Jan 1996.
[21] M. Kumar and V. Agarwal, “Power line filter design for conducted electromagnetic interference using time-domain measurements,” IEEE Trans. on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 178-186, Feb. 2006.
[22] L. Julian, R. Cuzner, G. Oriti, and T. A. Lipo, “Active filtering for common mode conducted EMI reduction in voltage source inverters,” IEEE APEC, 934-939, 2009.
[23] D. H. Liu and J. G. Jiang, “High frequency characteristic analysis of EMI filter in switch mode power supply (SMPS),” 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Proceedings, pp. 2039-2043, 2002.
[24] S. Wang, F. C. Lee, D. Y. Chen, and W. G. Odendaal, “Effects of parasitic parameters on EMI filter performance,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 869-877, May 2004.
[25] F. Y. Shih, D. Y. Chen, Y. P. Wu, and Y. T. Chen, “A procedure for designing EMI filters for AC line applications,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 170-181, Jan. 1996.
[26] 顧克東，車誠劍，倪衛東.無源濾波器在開關電源設計中的應用[J].城市軌道交通研究，2012(4): 56-59。
[27] 孫亞秀，孫力，姜保軍.低成本高性能的共模和差模雜訊分離技術 [J].中國電機工程學報，2009 (16): 98-103。
[28] TDK電容器數據表和磁芯材料數據表，http://www.tdk.com/。
[29] VAC奈米晶磁芯性能優勢介紹，https://www.vacuumschmelze.de/。
[30] S. Ogasawara and H. Akagi, “Modeling and damping of high-frequency leakage currents in PWM inverter-fed AC motor drive systems,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1105-1114, Sep./Oct. 1996.
[31] H. Akagi, H. Hasegawa and T. Doumoto, “Design and performance of a passive EMI filter for use with a voltage-source PWM inverter having sinusoidal output voltage and zero common-mode voltage,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1069-1076, July 2004.
[32] UC3843 datasheet.