有機發光二極體 (Organic Light Emitting Diode, OLED) 具有自發光性、廣視角、高對比、高反應速率、全彩化、製程簡單等優點，被譽為終極的顯示技術；而其低耗電、平面光源、高光質、光綫柔和等特性，亦使它成爲新時代最具潛力的照明技術；高效率之元件可以達到節能的目的，對於環境而言，節約能源可減少溫室氣體排出到大氣層，維護地球生態平衡；對於工業和商業用戶而言，高效率元件可以提高能源使用效率，使其利潤得以最大化；對於個人而言，則能降低能源成本，提高生活品質；目前市面上常見之照明光源中，螢光燈(Compact Fluorescent Lamp, CFL)以及發光二極體(Light Emitting Diode, LED)雖具有較高的效率，但因其高藍光放射以及尖銳光綫，不適合用於一般家庭照明；而屬於低藍光放射的白熾燈泡，因發光效率差，只有10 lm/W，作爲照明燈具不夠節能，逐漸被眾多國家禁用；據此，我們使用 OLED 技術，並從(1)元件結構及(2)外出光提取技術兩個面向作探討，以研製出一高效率OLED；從節能的角度看，在亮度 100 cd/m2 下，此元件能量效率達到92 lm/W，為白熾燈泡的 8倍、蠟燭的600倍；此元件之高效率可歸因於：(1)階梯式元件結構之設計；(2)外出光提取技術之應用；其中，搭配外出光提取技術之微透鏡薄膜陣列，使能量效率增益18%。

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) has the advantages of self-luminous, wide viewing angle, high contrast, high reaction rate, full color, simple process, etc. It is known as the ultimate display technology. Besides, its low power consumption, flat light source, high light quality, soft light and other characteristics make it the most potential lighting technology in the new era. High efficiency devices can achieve energy-saving. For the environment, saving energy can reduce greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere and maintain the earth's ecological balance. For industrial and commercial users, high efficiency devices can improve energy efficiency and increase profit. For individuals, it can reduce energy costs and improve the quality of life. Among the commonly used lighting sources on the market, compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and light emitting diode (LED) have high efficiency, but are not suitable for general home lighting due to their blue light emission and glaring light. On the other hand, incandescent bulb without blue light emission has the lowest efficiency, which is only 10 lm/W. As a light source, incandescent bulb is not energy efficient and gradually banned in many countries.
In this research, we use OLED technology and explore from the two aspects of (1) device structure and (2) external light extraction system to develop a high efficiency OLED device. From the perspective of energy-saving, the power efficacy of this device is 92 lm/W at 100 cd/m2, which is 8 times that of incandescent bulbs and 600 times that of candles. With the use of micro-lens, the power efficacy is increased by 18%.

摘要 1
Abstract 2
誌謝 4
目錄 8
表目錄 11
圖目錄 12
一、緒論 16
二、文獻回顧 19
2-1、OLED之發展歷史 19
2-2、OLED之基本結構 38
2-3、OLED的發光原理與能量轉移機制 39
2-4、OLED材料之發展 45
2-4-1、陽極材料 45
2-4-2、電洞注入材料 45
2-4-3、電洞傳輸材料 46
2-4-4、發光層材料 47
2-4-5、電子傳輸材料 48
2-4-6、電子注入材料 48
2-4-7、陰極材料 49
2-5、高效率OLED的製作技術 49
2-6、高效率OLED的發展 55
2-7、出光提取技術的發展 57
2-7-1、内出光提取技術 58
2-7-2、外出光提取技術 60
三、理論計算 63
3-1、元件效率之計算 63
3-2、光通量的定義 63
3-3、發光强度的定義 64
四、實驗方式 65
4-1、元件結構與使用材料 65
4-2、元件設計與製備 67
4-2-1、元件電路設計 67
4-2-2、基材清洗 68
4-2-3、發光層之製備 68
4-2-4、熱蒸鍍製程 69
4-2-5、蒸鍍速率之測定 70
4-2-6、有機層與無機層之製備 70
4-3、元件特性之量測 71
五、結果與討論 72
5-1、高效率元件之效率表現 72
5-1-1、綠光染料濃度對於效率之影響 75
5-1-2、階梯式結構 80
5-1-3、電洞、電子傳輸層厚度對元件效率之影響 83
5-2、外出光提取技術之應用 86
5-3、内出光提取基板之嘗試 93
六、結論 96
七、參考資料 97

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