抗沾表面已發展數十年且廣泛地應用於各領域。本研究發展出兩種截然不同的方法來達到抗沾效果。
首先，我們發展出一種模仿荷葉效應的超疏水塗層，以四乙氧基矽烷(TEOS)及聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS)經溶膠凝膠法反應，再經由簡易的噴塗技術均勻噴塗於基板上，形成微米級超疏水顆粒。經處理之塗層表面對於水的接觸角達150度，並擁有非常低的遲滯性。我們進一步嫁接全氟化矽氧烷在塗層上以降低其表面能。氟化表面對於油的接觸角達130度。我們利用化學分析電子光譜(ESCA)來分析此塗層的表面化學構成。另外，時效測試、磨損測試及化學抗性測試也被用來評估此塗層的耐用性。時效測試顯示此塗層具有良好穩定性，在水中、空氣中靜置三十天後仍保有良好的疏水、疏油效果。浸泡於鹽水、強酸後效果亦不衰減；惟強鹼會與塗層反應形成矽酸鹽類而溶解塗層。
此外，我們也成功利用雙光子聚合微製造技術成功開發對環境友善的抗沾、雙反摺式疏水結構。模仿自跳蟲體表特殊構造，此種柱狀結構可以把液珠鎖在頂端，防止液體浸濕表面。此仿跳蟲結構表面對於水、甘油、二碘甲烷和乙二醇等常見液體具有良好抗沾效果，但市售油類、正十二烷等液體仍會浸濕表面。為了進一步探討液體表面能和抗沾現象的關係，我們將水和酒精以不同比例混合成具不同表面張力的液體，並用以測量接觸角、前進角和後退角。結果顯示較小的柱間距對於低表面張力液體較容易維持抗沾效果。舉例來說，柱間距40微米的結構可讓表面張力為31 mN/m的酒精水溶液維持Cassie state；柱間距60微米的結構則會讓表面張力低於46 mN/m酒精水溶液時穿透。另一方面，由於較小柱間距造成液體與表面接觸面積增加，會導致液珠移動能力下降。因此，在實際應用時，若環境中主要接觸的液體是水，可藉由較大的柱間距以讓液珠快速滾走；若會接觸到表面能較低的液體，則需製造較小柱間距的結構以保持抗沾效果。此研究成果可望應用於超疏水、疏油、抗沾、自潔等功能性表面領域。

Anti-wetting surfaces have been developed for decades and widely applied in diverse fields. In this study, two approaches to fabricate anti-wetting surfaces were developed.
Inspired by the lotus effect, stable superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles over 150 and extremely low hysteresis were produced by simply spray coating a particulate ormosil (organically modified silicate) solution of co-hydrolyzed TEOS/PDMS on various substrates. To further improve the liquid repellent performance, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS-17) was grafted on the coating by vapor deposition. The coating turned to be oleophobic and had oil contact angle up to 130 after fluorination process. Chemical composition of the coating was analyzed by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). The durability and stability of the coating were evaluated by aging test, abrasion test and chemical resistance test. Aging test showed the coating can maintain superhydrophobic and oleophobic after exposed to air/underwater for 30 days. The chemical resistance test revealed the coating remains intact after immersing in strong acid or salty water for one day, but it would dissolve and form silicate when immersing in strong base.
Secondly, a fluorine-free, environment friendly anti-wetting structure was successfully fabricated using the two-photon polymerization (TPP). By mimicking the mushroom-like structure on the cuticle of springtail, the so-called doubly reentrant structure was able to maintain droplet in Cassie state even for liquid with extremely low surface tension. Contact angle measurements showed excellent liquid repellency toward water, glycerol, ethylene glycol and diiodomethane. Water/ethanol mixture was used as probe liquids to measure the dynamic wetting behavior and to study the relationship between wetting transition and surface tension. The result indicated that smaller interpillar spacing showed better capability to maintain Cassie state. However, the increase in solid contact area also resulted in larger hysteresis and lower liquid mobility. Shortly, if the target liquid is water, structured surface with larger interpillar spacing can make the droplet slide off more easily; if the target liquid has lower surface tension, smaller interpillar spacing is required to maintain Cassie state. This technique can be potentially applied in the fields of superhydrophobic, oleophobic, anti-wetting, self-cleaning multi-functional surfaces.

Chapter 1. Introduction---1
Chapter 2. Literature Review---3
2.1. Surface Wetting---3
2.1.1. The Classic Wetting Models---3
2.1.2. Dynamic Wetting Behavior--- 6
2.2. Super-wettability Surfaces in Nature---11
2.3. Synthesis of Super-wettability Surfaces---16
2.4. Sol-gel Process and its Application for Anti-wetting Surfaces---21
2.5. Fluorine-free Superoleophobic Surface---23
2.6. Two-photon Polymerization---28
Chapter 3. Experimental Methods---31
3.1. Sol-gel Process ---31
3.2. Coating Techniques---33
3.3. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment---35
3.4. Fluorination---36
3.5. Two-photon Polymerization---37
3.6. Characterization---39
3.6.1. Structural Characterization---39
3.6.2. Elemental Analysis ---40
3.7. Wetting Behavior Measurement---40
3.7.1. Static Contact Angle---40
3.7.2. Dynamic Contact Angle---43
3.8. Durability Test---44
Chapter 4. Results and Discussion---46
4.1. Ormosil Coating---46
4.1.1. Surface Morphology and Microstructure---46
4.1.2. Coating on Different Substrates---51
4.1.3 Study of Fluorination Process---52
4.1.4. Surface Composite Analysis---57
4.1.5. Durability Test---61
4.2. Doubly Reentrant Structure 64
4.2.1. Surface Morphology and Microstructure---64
4.2.2. Static Contact Angle and Wetting Transition---67
4.3. Dynamic Wetting Behavior---73
4.3.1. Advancing Contact Angle---73
4.3.2. Receding Contact Angle---74
4.3.3. Horizontal Mobility ---75
Chapter 5. Conclusions---77
5.1. Fluorinated Ormosil Coating---77
5.2. Doubly Reentrant Structure---78
Chapter 6. Future Work---79
6.1 Fluorinated Ormosil Coating---79
6.2 Doubly Reentrant Structure---79
References---81

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