本研究目的為於氣相中以氣溶膠系統自組裝製備混成式結構奈米粒子，並將之應用於能源與環境工程領域中，我們利用TGA、XRD、SEM、HR-TEM及EDS做材料之性質分析，也利用DMA做即時之粒徑測量，經過基礎之性質鑑定後，我們將製備出之奈米粒子作為光觸媒材料應用於光催化除汙技術以及電極材料應用於超級電容器。
本研究分為兩大部分，第一部分為利用氣溶膠系統製備擔載銀之氧化鋅奈米粒子團簇(Ag-ZnO-NPCs)，運用上述儀器做基本之材料性質鑑定，發現製備出之Ag-ZnO-NPCs呈銀奈米粒子均勻包覆於氧化鋅外圍之覆盆子狀結構，我們將此覆盆子狀結構之奈米粒子作為光觸媒，應用於光催化除汙技術，降解水溶液中之染料羅丹名B(RhB)分子，我們將水溶液中之實驗條件設定於pH3、pH6及pH10，各代表酸、中及鹼性環境，比較不同狀況下光觸媒之催化活性，另外我們將陰離子表面活性劑，十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)與奈米粒子利用靜電吸引力與親疏水性質形成凡得瓦力而鍵結(i.e. SDS-Ag-ZnO-NPCs)，再以同樣之實驗條件(pH3、pH6及pH10)觀察奈米粒子經鍵結後對光催化活性之影響力，結果顯示與未擔載Ag之ZnO比較來看，Ag-ZnO-NPCs催化活性能提高20X，與SDS鍵結之光觸媒於酸中性條件下則能使催化活性提升至6X，此顯著之提升效果歸因於SDS有助於奈米粒子於水溶液穩定分散，而如此將使光觸媒不易團聚沉至底部則能有效吸收光能量。
第二部分同樣使用氣溶膠系統，此部分則是製備擔載銀之錳氧化物奈米粒子團簇(AgMnOx-NPCs)，透過TGA、XRD、SEM、EDS與DMA即時粒徑量測之基礎材料性質鑑定，製備出之奈米粒子為球狀，且Ag粒子均勻分布於MnOx外圍，我們將AgMnOx-NPCs作為活性材料製做為以石墨塊材為基底之活性電極，製做電極需使用黏著劑將活性材料黏著於石墨塊材上，通常黏著劑需先溶於有機溶劑中，含有黏著劑之有機溶液其本身極性會影響活性材料能否完善均勻沉積於石墨塊材上，因此本研究首先配置三種黏著劑溶液，分別是Nafion+EtOH、Nafion+NMP與PVDF+NMP，以循環伏安及定電流充放電測試來探討不同極性之有機溶液對活性電極之電容特性影響，另外，本研究額外添加了碳黑材料與活性材料一起附著於石墨塊材上，探討添加此種導電性良好之材料對活性電極電容特性影響，結果顯示以PVDF+NMP作為黏著劑能提升活性電極之電容特性，而額外添加碳黑也有助於提升活性材料之導電性進而提高比電容值。

A gas-phase-controlled self-assembly synthetic approach is demonstrated to fabricate functional hybrid nanoparticles for energy and environmental applications. TGA, XRD, SEM, in-situ DMA, HR-TEM and EDS were demonstrated for characterization of synthesized hybrid nanoparticles. In our work, the self-assembly hybrid-nanoparticles were used as photocatalysts and electrode materials for photodegradation techniques and supercapacitors application, respectively.
In the first part of the work, we use aerosol-based self-assembly approach to fabricate Ag-ZnO hybrid nanostructure as a high-performance catalyst for photodegradation of water pollutants. The degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was used as representative, which were tested and evaluated with respect to the environmental pH and the presence of dodecyl sulfate corona on the surface of the catalyst. The results show that a raspberry-structure Ag−ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster was successfully synthesized via gas-phase evaporation-induced self-assembly. The photodegradation activity increased significantly (20×) by using the Ag−ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster as a catalyst. A surge of catalytic turnover frequency of ZnO nanoparticle cluster (>20×) was observed through the hybridization with silver nanoparticles. The dodecyl sulfate corona increased the photocatalytic activity of the Ag−ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster, especially at the acidic and neutral pH environments (maximum 6×), and the enhancement in catalytic activity was attributed to the improved colloidal stability of ZnO-based nanoparticle cluster under the interaction with RhB. This part provides a generic route of facile synthesis of the Ag−ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster with a mechanistic understanding of the interface reaction for enhancing photocatalysis toward the degradation of water pollutants.
We use the same gas-phase controlled method to fabricate AgMnOx hybrid nanostructures. TGA、XRD、SEM、EDS and in-situ DMA were demonstrated to characterize properties of hybrid nanostructures. Ag nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed outside the MnOx nanoparticle cluster. AgMnOx hybrid nanoparticles were used as electrode materials for supercapacitors application. Supercapacitor performances are influenced by binder types and contents in the electrodes. We performed two types of binder solutions: nafion and PVDF. The capacitance performance of different types of binders were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD). The results showed that PVDF was suitable binder than nafion based on its higher dispersibility and better electrochemical performances. The specific capacitance of electrodes using PVDF as binder can reach 210 F/g (maxima). The increasing specific capacitance was also observed through the hybridization with silver nanoparticles. After addition of carbon black. The specific capacitance of AgMnOx reached 325 F/g (maxima) after adding carbon black. The high performance of the hybrid nanoparticle as the electrode was attributed to the better conductivities during the electrochemical reaction. We provide a facile aerosol-based synthesis method to fabricate hybrid nanoparticles as electrode materials for enhancing the specific capacitance.

目錄
摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅲ
誌謝 Ⅴ
總目錄 Ⅵ
圖目錄 Ⅷ
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 功能性奈米材料 1
1.2 混成式奈米材料 7
1.3 奈米粒子合成方法 9
1.4 氣溶膠自組裝法製備奈米粒子 12
1.5 氧化鋅奈米材料 17
1.6 氧化錳奈米材料 19
1.7 銀奈米材料 21
1.8 研究目的 22
第二章 實驗方法 24
2.1 實驗藥品 24
2.2 實驗步驟 25
2.2.1 氣霧化奈米粒子之製備 25
2.2.2 奈米粒子與表面活性劑鍵結 27
2.2.3 光催化活性測試 28
2.2.4 電極製備 30
2.2.5 電化學量測 31
2.3 實驗儀器 32
2.3.1 熱重量分析儀(TGA) 32
2.3.2 X光繞射儀(XRD) 32
2.3.3 氣相奈米粒子流動分析儀(DMA) 33
2.3.4 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 33
2.3.5 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM & HRTEM) 34
2.3.6 紫外光可見光吸收光譜儀(UV-Vis) 35
2.3.7 界面電位分析儀(Zeta potential analysis) 35
第三章 結果與討論 37
3.1 以氣溶膠自組裝法製備Ag-ZnO-NPC作為光觸媒 37
3.1.1 混成式結構Ag-ZnO-NPC材料性質分析 37
3.1.2 配體分子與粒子團簇間之作用關係 43
3.1.3 Ag-ZnO混成奈米粒子團簇之光催化性能表現 45
3.2 以氣溶膠自組裝法製備Ag-MnOx-NPC作為混成式電極材料應用於超級電容器 54
3.2.1 混成式結構AgMnOx-NPC材料性質分析 54
3.2.2 混成式活性電極材料電化學分析結果 56
3.2.2.1 不同黏著劑與溶劑對活性材料電容特性之影響 56
3.2.2.2 添加碳黑(XC72)對電極材料電容特性之影響 62
第四章 結論 68
第五章 未來展望 70
參考文獻 71

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