幽默歷程分為幽默理解、幽默欣賞與笑的反應。本研究目的旨在探討失諧解困幽默與荒謬幽默在營造和關鍵階段的事件相關電位（event-related potentials, ERPs）及笑的肌電訊號（electromyography, EMG）。失諧解困幽默需要深層的理解與推敲人物角色的歷程，荒謬幽默具有荒謬且誇張元素，較易看懂的表層理解，又稱為無厘頭幽默。幽默階段分為營造與關鍵，可形成兩格漫畫。過去幽默腦波研究以單格漫畫或語文笑話為主，本研究則採用兩階段（營造和關鍵）的兩格漫畫探討失諧解困幽默與荒謬幽默在ERP和EMG的差異。實驗設計為二因子受試者內設計，獨變項有二，一為「刺激類型」：失諧解困幽默、荒謬幽默與非幽默（基準線）；二為「階段」：營造與關鍵。依變項包含六個ERPs（N170、P2、N2、N400、P600、LPP）、笑的EMG之開始時間與頻率、好笑程度的行為評定。研究結果顯示，以人物為主題的兩種幽默條件較非人物之非幽默條件有更大的N170振幅，N170與知覺到人物臉孔有關。在關鍵階段，非幽默條件之P2振幅較兩種幽默條件大，P2與預期有關。兩種幽默條件比非幽默在關鍵階段有較大的N2振幅，N2與違反預期有關。關鍵階段的N400振幅是深層理解的失諧解困幽默大於表層理解的荒謬幽默大於非幽默，可能與失諧的歷程有關。此外，在200-500 ms的Oz電位結果與Fz、Cz、Pz不同，在兩種幽默的正電位較非幽默條件更大，與視覺引發電位有關。荒謬幽默在關鍵階段的P600振幅較失諧解困幽默大，可能與荒謬幽默較容易看懂有關。兩種幽默條件比起非幽默條件在Fz有較大的晚期正向波（late positive potential, LPP）振幅，額葉LPP可能與整合意義、愉悅的情感有關。緊接在LPP之後，笑的開始時間眾數在1200-1400 毫秒。ERPs與笑的EMG可以為幽默三元論中的失諧解困之「認知」、愉悅之「情感」與「笑」之行為提供時間參數。此外，在LPP潛伏期的結果，深層理解的失諧解困幽默較表層理解的荒謬幽默久，說明不同結構的幽默在解困時間上的差異，不同時間的拓樸圖也可以作為證據支持本研究提出的「笑的二元論」，解釋此兩種幽默中「失諧解困」與「荒謬」引人發笑的元素。

Humor processing can be divided into humor comprehension, humor appreciation and humor expression (laughter). The present study compared incongruity-resolution humor (IR) and absurd humor (ABS) by event-related potentials (ERPs) and electromyography (EMG) of laughter. IR uses deep comprehension skills, which involves comprehension and elaboration. ABS uses surface comprehension skills, which contains absurd and exaggerate elements, which is easier to understand and called nonsense humor. The phase of humor can be divided into setup and punch line, such as two-stage comics. Previous studies mainly used single-panel cartoons or verbal jokes. The current study analyzed two-stage comics of IR and ABS to explore the processing of different humor types by ERPs and EMG. The present study used a two-factor, within-subject design. Manipulation of stimulus types (IR, ABS, and non-humor) and stages (setup and punch line) served as the independent variables. The six ERPs (N170、P2、N2、N400、P600、LPP), the start time and the frequency of the electromyography (EMG) signal and the rating of funniness served as the dependent variables. As expected, IR and ABS elicited larger N170 than non-humor condition. N170 might reflect perceptual coding of human faces. The punch line of non-humor condition elicited larger P2 than IR and ABS. The P2 may suggest that the stimuli are as expected. The punch line of IR and ABS elicited larger N2 than that of non-humor condition. The results support the view that N2 is modulated by unexpectency. The punch line of IR elicited larger N400 than ABS, and the non-humor condition is the smallest. The result might reflect incongruity. During 200-500 ms, IR and ABS elicited more positive potentials than non-humor condition at Oz, which is differ from Fz, Cz, and Pz. The result might reflect visual evoked potentials (VEPs). ABS evoked larger P600 than IR in the punch line. It possibly indicated that ABS is easier to understand. IR and ABS elicited larger late positive potential (LPP) than non-humor condition at Fz. The underlying process of frontal LPP would carry over onto the integration and the affect of humor. Finally, LPP was followed by the laugh EMG whose mode of the start time is 1200-1400 milliseconds. The ERPs and EMG signal of laugh allowed us to estimate the time parameters of the 'cognition', 'emotion', and 'laugh' in the Tri-component Theory of Humor. In addition, the latency of LPP and the topological maps showed that ABS is faster than IR in the process of resolution. The results could reflect the temporal difference of IR and ABS, supporting that the two elements of humor (incongruity-resolution and absurdity) in Dual-component Theory of Laugh make people laugh.

摘要 ii
Abstract iii
致謝詞 iv
目錄 v
表次 vi
圖次 viii
一、 緒論與研究動機 1
二、 文獻探討 5
（一） 幽默歷程之理論 5
（二） 失諧解困幽默與荒謬幽默 7
（三） 幽默兩階段歷程：營造與關鍵階段 14
（四） 幽默歷程的腦神經機制 18
（五） 幽默之笑的研究 23
（六） 研究假設 24
三、 研究方法 27
（一） 實驗參與者 27
（二） 實驗設計 27
（三） 實驗材料 28
（四） 實驗程序 31
（五） 腦波記錄環境與儀器 33
（六） 資料分析 33
四、 研究結果 35
（一） 行為分析結果 35
（二） 事件相關電位分析結果 36
（三） 笑的肌電訊號分析結果 99
五、 綜合討論與建議 103
（一） 結論與討論 103
（二） 貢獻與未來研究建議 113
參考文獻 118

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