研究者（Allen）為一位具ADHD及逃避與排除型依附特質的年輕男性，本研究以自我敘事法回溯及探討其成長歷程。ADHD個體常呈現受損的社交人際關係，ADHD兒童及成人易有不安全依附的特質。作者回溯自身成長歷程，聚焦於其與家庭、學校和社會關係的發展經驗，詳實呈現其行為表達方式、看法與觀點形成、人際社會發展與自我調適的內涵與脈絡。結果顯示，Allen同時具備ADHD和逃避及排除型依附特質，其注意力不足特質在較無結構規劃的環境中對其產生較大的負面影響，引發學習與生活的各式困擾。若Allen生活於結構性高、時間與生活管理佳的情境中，並能主動參與外在事務或活動，可降低注意力不足所帶來的負面影響。由於注意力不足常引起Allen的社交困境，此和其逃避及排除型依附特質常交互影響，使Allen對親近的人呈現高壓、高要求的態度，對一般他人則呈現冷漠、疏離、忽略的態度。所幸Allen仍具備優勢思考能力，透過閲讀相關文獻、覺察並反思自身行爲，調適因自身ADHD與逃避及排除型依附特質所引發的心理社會適應問題。未來研究者與實務工作者考量ADHD患者的社交互動與人際關係時，應同時考慮其依附風格的影響。針對具備ADHD與逃避及排除型依附特質的個體，諮輔與教育專業者可鼓勵其參與團體，學習結構化與功能性的自我管理，提醒其覺察自身對人際關係的負面預期，進行社交能力訓練，理性面對各式學習與生活的議題。本研究結果可提供具ADHD和逃避及排除型依附特質的個體之教育、諮商輔導、臨床處遇及未來研究的參考。

The researcher (Allen) is a young man with ADHD traits and with avoidant and dismissing attachment styles. Allen adopts a self-narrative method in this study and he retrospects and describes his growth and development trajectory. ADHD individuals reveal damaged social and interpersonal relations, and ADHD children and adults tend to have insecure attachment styles. Allen reviews his life experiences with focuses on family, school, social and developmental experiences to elaborate contents and contexts of his behaviors, viewpoints, perspectives, interpersonal relations, social development, and self-adaptation. The results of this study reveal that Allen has traits of ADHD and avoidant and dismissing attachment styles. In low-level structural contexts, Allen tends to show negative behavioral and affective problems in terms of academic outcomes and daily lives. While Allen has a good time and life management in high-level structural contexts and participates in activities and daily matters actively, he could be less under the influence of ADHD traits. Allen reveals various social/interpersonal issues/problems which might be affected by his AHDH traits interacting with avoidant and dismissing attachment styles. Allen tends to demonstrate a highly stressful and demanding attitude toward significant and/or familiar persons and to display a cold, alienated, and ignorant attitude toward general people. Luckily, Allen has good thinking abilities, studies relevant literature and theories, reflects what he has studied, and copes with various psychosocial problems influenced by his ADHD traits and avoidant and dismissing attachment styles. Researchers and practitioners should pay attention to individuals’ ADHD traits and attachment styles at the same time and take both into consideration. For individuals with ADHD traits and with avoidant and dismissing attachment styles, they need to actively take part in groups, manage themselves in high-level structural contexts, be aware of their negative expectations of others, take social skills training, and hold rationality for study and life. This study provides valuable information about education, guidance, counseling, clinical interventions, and future research to individuals with ADHD traits and with avoidant and dismissing attachment styles.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究背景 3
第三節 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節ADHD特質 5
第二節 依附理論 13
第三節ADHD個體特質與依附關係 18
第三章 研究方法 20
第一節 研究對象 21
第二節 研究工具 23
第三節 研究流程 24
第四節 研究品質 25
第五節 研究倫理 26
第四章 研究結果 27
第一節 ADHD特質 28
第二節 逃避及排除型依附特質的發展及改變 34
第三節 ADHD與逃避及排除型依附特質的交互影響 37
第四節 優勢思考調適能力與自我改善之過程 40
第五章 討論與應用 43
第一節 討論 43
第二節 建議 47
第三節 結論 49
參考文獻 50

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