「幽默」，在社會互動上具有重要的功能，而幽默的使用也可以為個人的認知以及情感層面帶來諸多益處。過去對於「幽默」的研究議題多集中於「幽默理解」，即個體欣賞幽默材料（例如：文字笑話）時，理解時的認知歷程。而較少探討「主動式」的幽默點子之產生，即「幽默創造」。由於「幽默創造」與「創造思考」有相似之思考歷程，故本研究以過去「創造思考」之「替代用途作業」（alternative uses task, AUT）為基礎，發展出「幽默用途作業」（humor uses task, HUT），以在相同實驗設計基準下比較「幽默思考」、「創造思考」，探討不同思考間歷程之異同。本研究參與者40人，使用幽默用途作業（HUT）、替代用途作業（AUT）、一般用途作業（typical uses task, TUT），紀錄參與者之回答內容、反應時間與作業進行時之腦波。腦波資料經時頻（time–frequency）轉換後，計算其作業相關強度改變（task-related power changes, TRP），結果顯示在alpha波的頻段（8–12 Hz），HUT、AUT之TRP值大於TUT之TRP值，並且，HUT、AUT出現右腦強度大於左腦的不對稱（asymmetry）現象，此外，在HUT下，頭部後方位置（occipital）的電極，反映出最強的alpha波TRP增強。而在theta波的頻段（3–8 Hz），HUT、AUT、TUT皆呈現整體的強度增強，但在電極位置之反應模式不同。本研究結果認為，幽默思考、創造思考皆需要內在注意力（internal attention），以進行記憶的提取以及概念間的連結。並且，幽默思考包含由上到下抑制（top-down inhibition）不相關訊息之過程，以進行內在心像的表徵，產生幽默的點子。本研究結果可增進對幽默與創造歷程之認識。

Humor plays an important role in social interaction and benefits individual emotively and cognitively. While the humor research mainly focuses on the passive process of appreciation, the present study investigates the neural correlation during the active humor creation. Recognizing the similar process in creative thingking and humor creaction, this research follows the scheme of alternative uses task (AUT) applied in the previous studies on creative thinking, and proposes the humor uses task (HUT) for the comparion between humor and creativity processes. Forty participants were recruited to perform HUT, AUT and typical uses task (TUT), and each participant’s answer, reaction time and EEG were recorded. EEG data recorded were further analyzed via a time–frequency transform and calculated for task-related power changes (TRP). Results showed that alpha (8–12 Hz) TRP during HUT and AUT was larger than TUT and exhibited a hemispheric asymmetry. Additionally, occipital EEG exhibited the largest alpha TRP under HUT. As for the Theta (3–8 Hz) TRP, all HUT, AUT and TUT showed enhaned but topologically different patterns. These results suggest that both humor thinking and creative thinking involve internal attention to perform memory retrieval and (re-)combination of concepts. Moreover, humor thinking involves a process of top-down inhibition of irrelevant information for mental imagery. This study sheds light on and further our understanding of humor and creativity.

致謝詞 i
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 v
目錄 vii
研究動機與目的 1
文獻探討 5
一、幽默理論 5
二、創造思考理論 9
三、「幽默思考」與「創造思考」之認知歷程 12
四、幽默與創造思考之認知神經科學研究 13
五、總結 20
六、研究假設 20
研究方法 23
一、實驗參與者 23
二、實驗設計 23
三、實驗作業 23
四、實驗材料 25
五、實驗程序 25
六、資料分析 27
七、腦波儀環境及軟、硬體設定 30
研究結果 31
一、行為結果 31
二、腦波頻譜分析結果 34
綜合討論與建議 63
一、結論與討論 63
二、研究貢獻與建議 68
三、研究限制與未來研究方向 69
參考文獻 73

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