隨著行動通訊技術的演進，即將進入下世代5G 行動通訊時代，在物聯網(IoT) 的系統上，用戶數量會是現在的千百倍，因此未來的通訊系統需要乘載更多的用戶並且能夠提供更大的系統容量。在5G 之前，主要是以正交多工(OMA) 為主要的多重接取技術，無法有效的使用頻譜資源。因此，非正交分頻多工(NOMA) 這項技術就被提出來，非正交分頻多工可以將一個頻譜資源分給多個使用者，達到較佳的頻譜使用效率。
在本文中，我們使用軟件定義無線電方法來證明NOMA的實際挑戰和可能性，而不只是使用MATLAB做模擬。主要貢獻是利用LabVIEW的圖形化編譯軟體和五台NI-2943R通用軟體無線電週邊設施(Universal Software Radio Peripheral, USRP)硬體設計NOMA系統。我們還設計了同步模組、通道估測模組並整合所有模組輸入輸出端口，同時通過實際通道發送四個UE的文字消息來驗證系統。我們還分頻段讓系統從2UE延伸成4UE，採用多天線在每個BS與UE。在接收端，引入連續干擾消除(successive interference cancellation, SIC) 之偵測技術，並設置不同的發射功率，比較速率和錯誤率的變化，發現在實際的模擬中，當功率分配參數調整時，在近端UE的錯誤率會有轉折點，而不是成線性的遞增或遞減。在未來，我們可以在FPGA上應用該系統架構，增加天線的數量，以實現更大的數據傳輸量。

With the evolution of mobile communication technology, we are about to enter next generation 5G mobile communication. In the IOT system, the number of users will be thousands of times more than today, so future communication systems need to carry more users and be able to provide greater system capacity. Prior to 5G, the main multiple access technology was Orthogonal Multiplexing (OMA), which could not effectively use spectrum resources. Therefore, the technology of non-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (NOMA) has been put forward. It can distribute spectrum resources to multiple users to achieve better spectrum efficiency.
In this thesis, we use software defined radio approach to demonstrate the practical challenge and possibility of NOMA. However not just use MATLAB to do the simulation. As the main contribution, the graphical programming LabVIEW software and three USRP of NI-2943R hardware is conducted to design the NOMA system. We design a synchronization module, channel estimation module and integrating all module I/O input format; moreover, we verify the system by sending the text message of four UEs via the real channel simultaneously. We also divide the band to make the system more extended from 2UEs to 4UEs, adopting two antennas on BS and all UES. At the received side, SIC detection technology is introduced and different transmission power is set and compare the changing of rate and bit error rate. We also found that BER in near UE has turning point when power allocation is increasing. In the future, we can apply this system architecture on FPGA and increase the number of antennas to achieve a greater amount of data transmission.

摘要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Motivation and Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Survey of Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Proposed Method and Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
A NOMA Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
B Rate Region with NOMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
C Error Performance of NOMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.2 Symbol Timing with Double Sliding Window Packet Detection . . . . 15
2.3 MIMO with Alamouti Space-Time Block Coding . . . . . . . . . . . .17
3 Downlink NOMA Design Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1 Introduction to System Model and System Block Diagram . . . . . . 22
3.2 Hardware Architecture and Synchronization Timing Design . . . . . 26
3.3 Multicarrier NOMA System Realization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
4 Measurement and Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
4.1 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
4.2 System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
4.3 Numerical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

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