本論文為開發適用於游離腔之計讀儀原型機以監測輻射劑量，其原理為當X光照射穿透式游離腔時，輻射造成空氣游離出電子，藉由電極板之間的電場，蒐集電子形成電子流，流經轉阻放大器將電流訊號轉換成電壓訊號，藉由MSP430F5438 Experimenter Board擷取並進行類比數位訊號轉換，再經演算法回推出電子流大小。再加入溫度氣壓修正因子、校正因子，由公式轉換成劑量面積乘積率。本計讀儀使用Altium Designer14繪製轉阻放大器等電路板，SolidWorks2017設計計讀儀機殼，德州儀器 Code Composer Studio V6做為程式開發環境，控制MSP430F5438 Experimenter Board之ADC、UART與I/O搭配液晶螢幕和五向開關，開發出參數設定、電流與溫度量測、資料傳輸、按鍵測試等功能。
本計讀儀可使用開關調整量測範圍，量測範圍在0.3 nA~40 nA時，誤差大致在1%以內；量測範圍10pA~700 pA，誤差可至1%以內。實際以X光為放射源，量測球型游離腔蒐集之電子流，設定X光機管電壓為80kV、120kV、150kV，管電流為5mA、10mA、15mA、20mA、25mA、30mA，並由內建之高壓模組提供電極板負高壓時，皆可正確量測到游離腔經X光照射後游離出的電子流，與核研所量測儀器(Keithly6517A)比較，誤差大多小於1.5%，證明本計讀儀確實適用於即時量測游離腔之微小電流。

The objective of this thesis is to develop a dose area product (DAP) rate meter prototype for transparent ionization chamber to monitor the radiation dose. When X-ray irradiates the ionization chamber, the radiation causes air to ionize, producing electrons which are collected by the charge collection electrode to form the electron flow, the current signal is then converted into a voltage signal through the transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The MSP430F5438 Experimenter Board converts the analog voltage signal into digital form via ADC and then calculates the electron flow, which then mutiplies the pertinent calibration factors to obtain the DAP rate. This thesis uses Altium Designer14 to design a PC board for transimpedance amplifiers, SolidWorks2017 to design the instrument case, and Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio V6 as a program development environment to design programs for controlling the MSP430F5438 experimenter board’s UART and I/O ports, LCD, switches and four major instrument functions, such as parameter setting, current and temperature measurement, data transmission, and button test.
The meter can use the switch to select different measurement ranges. When the measurement range is 0.3 nA~40 nA, the measurement error is about 1%; the measurement range is 10pA~700 pA, and the error can be less than 1%. The electron flow collected by the spherical ionization chamber when X-ray is used as the radiation source is measured by our prototype for various X-ray tube voltages: 80kV, 120kV, 150kV, tube currents: 5mA, 10mA, 15mA, 20mA, 25mA, 30mA, and with the high-voltage module of our prototype provides the negative high voltage to the spherical ionization chamber’s electrode plate. Measurements of same X-ray tube voltage and current conditions are also performed by using INER’s measurement instrument (Keithly6517A) and high voltage power supply (Keithly247). The errors between measurement results of our prototype and INER’s instruments are mostly less than 1.5%. The prototype meter is indeed suitable for measuring the weak current of the ionization chamber in real time.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 文獻回顧 6
1.4 論文貢獻 10
1.5 論文架構 13
第二章 硬體架構 14
2.1 硬體架構介紹 14
2.2 實驗板 15
2.2.1 類比數位轉換器(ADC) 15
2.2.2 液晶螢幕 16
2.2.3 五向開關 18
2.2.4 連接阜 18
2.3 電路板 19
2.3.1 轉阻放大器 19
2.3.2 電源供應 22
2.3.3 溫度量測電路 23
2.4 高壓元件 26
2.5 三軸電纜 27
2.6 機殼 28
2.7 球型游離腔 31
2.8 核能所自製穿透式游離腔 31
第三章 軟體架構 33
3.1 軟體架構介紹 33
3.2 參數設定 33
3.3 電流與溫度量測 34
3.4 資料傳輸 37
3.5 按鍵測試 42
第四章 實驗方法與結果 43
4.1 標準電流源測試與校正 43
4.2 計讀儀架構實驗 49
4.3 球型游離腔量測 52
4.4 核能所自製游離腔量測 54
第五章 結論與未來展望 55
參考文獻 58

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