本研究研製一搭配LLCL濾波器之三相四線半橋式換流器，並以一機多功能為設計目標，希望藉此提升換流器應用的靈活性，其硬體架構可以避免漏電流的發生；當搭配LLCL濾波器時，可以有效降低電流漣波；在控制方面，選用微控制器Renesas RX62T為數位控制核心，並採用分切合整數位控制法(D-Σ digital control)，結合正弦脈衝寬度調變(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, SPWM)，以直接數位控制來克服傳統控制法需要abc-dq座標軸轉換的複雜運算。此控制法可以依據因電流大小而變化的電感值來調變增益，能有效降低電感鐵芯損失與尺寸，此外，控制法亦導入負載阻抗估測法，利用克希荷夫電流定律(Kirchhoff Circuit Laws)、電容電壓特性方程式，以及線性疊加理論(superposition principle)，以切頻速度即時估測濾波電容與負載電流變化量，搭配分切合整數位控制法，使換流器穩定輸出三相弦波電壓。本研究透過韌體設定波峰/波谷同時取樣更新方式，達到在不改變切換頻率的條件下，使取樣頻率倍增，藉此達成不增加開關切換損失，仍可提高系統動態響應之好處。
本研究的主要貢獻如下：(1)採用分切合整數位控制法，將電感值會隨著電流大小變化的因素，納入控制法推導，降低鐵芯體積與成本，(2)採用負載阻抗估測法，將電流型分切合整數位控制法轉換成電壓型控制，(3)分析並設計具備市電併聯與不斷電系統等之多功能換流器，並採用LLCL濾波器，有效降低輸出電流漣波與電壓總諧波失真率，(4)採用波峰/波谷同時取樣更新方式，提高電壓追蹤能力與系統動態響應。

This research presents design and implementation of a three-phase four-wire half-bridge inverter with LLCL filter. This research takes multiple function as design goal to enhance application flexibility. Adopting both three-phase four-wire half-bridge configuration and LLCL filter can reduce leakage current and filter current ripple. In control strategy, both division-summation (D-Σ) digital control and sinusoidal pulse-width modulation are adopted for the inverter to avoid high computation burden of the abc to dq frame transformation. Moreover, the advantage of applying D-Σ digital control is that filter inductance variation can be taken into consideration, reducing core size and cost. Furthermore, combining D-Σ digital control with a load impedance estimation scheme, which uses Kirchhoff Circuit Laws, capacitor voltage characteristic equation, and superposition principle to estimate filter capacitor and load current variation at switching frequency, can successfully output stable three-phase sinusoidal voltages.
Major distributions of this research are listed as follows. (1) By adopting D-Σ digital control, it can take filter inductance variation into consideration to reduce core size and cost. (2) By adopting load impedance estimation, it can transfer current mode D-Σ digital control to voltage mode control. (3) Analyzing and designing multi-function inverter to achieve grid-connection mode and uninterruptible power supply. (4) Adopting crest and trough sampling in one cycle can improve voltage tracking capability and dynamic response.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.2.1不斷電系統運轉架構簡介 2
A. 離線式不斷電系統(Off-Line UPS) 2
B. 在線互動式不斷電系統(Line-Interacvtive UPS) 3
C. 在線式不斷電系統(On-Line UPS) 4
1.2.2濾波器簡介 5
A. LC濾波器 6
B. LCL濾波器 6
C. LLCL濾波器 7
1.3論文大綱 9
第二章 系統架構與濾波器參數設計 10
2.1換流器系統架構 10
2.2換流器元件設計 11
2.2.1 系統規格選定 11
2.2.2 濾波器設計 11
A. 換流器激磁電感Li 11
B. 濾波電容Cd與諧振電容Cf 13
C. 諧振電容Lf 15
D. 阻尼電阻Rd 15
E. 輸出側電感Lg 18
F. 輸出側電容Co 21
G. 濾波器諧振點測試 23
第三章 換流器動作原理 25
3.1 LLCL濾波器之等效電路 25
3.2 負載阻抗估測法 26
3.3 分切合整數位控制 30
A. 輸出電壓為正半周 30
B. 輸出電壓為負半周 33
第四章 換流器周邊電路 37
4.1輔助電源 37
4.1.1 PWM控制IC UC3843 38
4.1.2 返馳式轉換器 38
4.2開關驅動電路 39
4.3電壓箝位電路 42
4.4精密全波整流電路 43
4.5交流側電壓回授電路 44
4.6電感電流回授電路 46
4.7直流鏈電壓回授電路 47
4.8上下臂電容電壓平衡電路 47
4.9類比保護電路 49
第五章 換流器韌體規劃 50
5.1微控制器RX62T介紹 50
5.2系統韌體架構說明 52
5.3韌體設定與控制流程 53
5.3.1 韌體設定 53
5.3.2 主程式流程規劃 58
5.3.3 A/D中斷副程式流程規劃 59
5.3.4 保護副程式流程規劃 60
第六章 實測驗證 62
6.1電氣規格與選用元件 62
6.2實務考量 63
6.2.1 電感值變化 63
6.2.2 元件與線路阻抗補償 65
6.2.3 開關死區補償 65
6.3換流器實測結果 67
6.3.1 空載 67
6.3.2 電阻性負載 69
6.3.3 電感性負載 71
6.3.4 電容性負載 74
6.3.5 不平衡負載 76
6.3.6 整流性負載 78
6.3.7 元件損耗估算 83
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 88
7.1 結論 88
7.2 未來研究方向 89
A. 額定功率提升 89
B. 多模組並聯 89
C. 負載阻抗估測精確度提升 89
D. 顯示器與通訊功能 89
參考文獻 90

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