本文關注的問題是：奴隸如何達成價值顛覆？根據尼采的想法，人類的道德並非始終不變，而是有其變化過程。他認為：最早的道德是主人道德，而在後來的歷史演變中，該道德被取代了，取而代之的是奴隸道德。然而這件事如何發生？
在尼采的著作中，探討「道德」最多也最深的著作是《道德系譜學》。然而《道德系譜學三章》中的三章〈善與惡、好與壞〉、〈債/罪、壞良知及其相關物〉、〈禁慾主義的理想意味著什麼〉卻又在內容上各自獨立，各自處理不同的主題。除了第一章明確地討論創造奴隸道德的心理驅動力與特性──怨恨外，在其餘兩章，奴隸的價值顛覆此主題則看似消失了。
我的看法是：《道德系譜學》裡看似三章關聯性不強的內容，其實都涉及到奴隸的價值顛覆中的關鍵因素。因此我將在《道德系譜學》中整理出回答上述問題的線索。要回答「奴隸如何達成價值顛覆」此問題有三個關鍵因素：一，怨恨作為創造奴隸道德的心理驅力。二，文明化後所導致的人的內在化與文化活動下產生的債務邏輯對人與神關係的影響。三，禁慾主義祭司用債務邏輯去解釋人的痛苦，將痛苦解釋為神降下的懲罰，目的是為了還債。這三個關鍵因素的結合才足以解釋「奴隸如何達成價值顛覆」。
在結束「奴隸如何達成價值顛覆」的討論後，我將討論尼采教導人們如何克服奴隸道德，克服奴隸道德同時意味著克服怨恨。而其中的關鍵則是尼采後其提出的想法：命運之愛。而對命運之愛的接受，則將受永恆回歸的考驗。

This thesis focuses on the question, how the slaves achieved the subversion of values. According to Nietzsche’s thought, the morality of human beings is not permanent, but inconstant. At first, the morality is so-called master morality, however this morality had been substitute by so-called slave morality in human history. But how did it happen?
The extensive and profound discussions of morality in Nietzsche’s works is the book, On the Genealogy of Morality. However, it seems that the contents of the three essays, first essay: ‘Good and Evil’, ‘Good and Bad’, second essay: ‘Guilt’, ‘bad conscience’ and related matters, third essay: what do ascetic ideals mean, are independent and discuss different topics. Except for the first essay, which there is the discussion about the psychological driving power and the feature of slave morality, it seems that the topic, the subversion of values, is omitted in the rest.
The three essays seem unrelated but are critical elements for answering the question. To answer the question, there are three critical elements as follows. First, ressentiment as the psychological driving power of creating slave morality. Second, internalization of human beings after being cultivated and the debt logic in the culture activity affects the relation to God and humans. Third, the ascetic priest misappropriated debt logic to interpret sufferings of humans as a punishment from God, as a compensation to God. The three critical elements contribute to answer the question, how the slaves achieved the subversion of values.
After discussing ‘how the slaves achieved the subversion of values’. That how to overcome slave morality, namely overcome ressentiment, through Nietzsche’s teaching will be discussed. The key point is what Nietzsche calls ‘amor fati’ later in his life. Accepting ‘amor fati’ means accepting the ordeal of ‘eternal recurrence’.

第一章：問題與章節安排 1

前言 1

第一節：問題 2

第二節：道德批判的背景 7

第三節：章節安排 10

第二章：兩種不同的道德 12

第一節：尼采對保羅．瑞的反駁 12

第二節：主人道德與奴隸道德 15

第三節：奴隸道德中的怨恨 18

第四節：價值顛覆中的合理化手段 25

第五節：再探主人與奴隸的區分 27

第三章：價值顛覆中的社會條件 30

第一節：記憶、承諾、主權式的個體與良知 31

第二節：債務與等價償還 35

第三節：壞良知的出現 39

第四節：債務與苦難成為罪與懲罰 42

第五節：罪罰邏輯中的禁慾主義祭司 45

第四章：對怨恨道德的批判與對怨恨的克服 49

第一節：對怨恨道德的批判 49

第二節：苦難、命運之愛，永恆回歸 58

結論 64

尼采原典英譯本縮寫 66

參考文獻 67

原典英文譯本：
Friedrich Nietzsche
1986 Human, All Too Human, trans by R. J. Hollingdale. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche
1997 Daybreak, ed.by Maudemarie Clark, Brian Leiter, trans by R. J. Hollingdale. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche
1999 The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings, ed.by Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs, trans by Ronald Speirs. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche
2001 The Gay Science, ed.by Bernard Williamsm, trans by Josefine Nauckhoff and Adrian Del Caro. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche
2001 Beyond Good and Evil, ed.by Rolf-Peter Horstmann and Judith Norman, trans by Judith Norman. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche
2005 The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols, and other Writings, ed.by Aaron Ridley and Judith Norman, trans by Judith Norman. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche
2006 Thus Spoke Zarathustra, ed.by Adrian Del Caro and Robert B. Pippin, trans by Adrian Del Caro. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche
2006 On the Genealogy of Morality, ed.by Keith Ansell-Pearson, trans by. Caril Diethe. Cambridge University Press.
Plato
1997 Plato: Complete Works, ed.by John M. Cooper, associate editor D.S. Hutchinson. Hackett Publishing Company.
原典中文譯本：
Friedrich Nietzsche
2006 《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》，孫周興譯。北京：商務印書館。
Friedrich Nietzsche
2015 《善惡的彼岸、論道德的譜系》，趙千帆譯。北京：商務印書館。
Friedrich Nietzsche
2015 《道德的譜系》，梁錫江譯。上海：華東師範大學出版社。
Friedrich Nietzsche
2016 《善惡的彼岸》，魏育青、黃一蕾、姚軼勵等譯。上海：華東師範大學出版社。

專文：
Brian Leiter
2011 “Who is the “sovereign individual”? Nietzsche on freedom” in Simon May ed., NIETZSCHES On the Genealogy of Morality-A Critical Guide. Cambridge University Press.
Lawrence J. Hatab
2011 “Why would master morality surrender its power?” in Simon May ed., NIETZSCHES On the Genealogy of Morality-A Critical Guide. Cambridge University Press.

專書：
吳增定
2014 《吳增定讀尼采：《敵基督者》講稿》。香港：中文大學。
黃國鉅
2014 《尼采：從酒神到超人》。香港：中華書局。
劉昌元
2004 《尼采》。台北：聯經。
Andrea Orsucci
2015 東方──西方：尼采擺脫歐洲世界圖景的嘗試。徐暢譯。上海：華東師範大學出版社。
Alexander Nehamas
1985 Nietzsche Life as Literature. Harvard University Press.
Alfred R. Mele
2001 Self-deception unmasked. Princeton University Press.
Brian Leiter
2002 Nietzsche on Morality. Routledge.
Christopher Janaway
2007 Beyond Selflessness-Reading Nietzsche’s Genealogy. Oxford University Press.
David Owen
2007 Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morality. Acumen Publishing Limited.
Guy Elgat
2017 Nietzsche’s Psychology of Ressentiment. Routledge.
Lawrence J. Hatab
2008 Nietzsche's On the Genealogy-An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Max Scheler
1994 Ressentiment, trans by Louis B. Coser. Marquette University Press.
Peter R. Sedgwick
2009 Nietzsche The Key Concepts. Routledge.
Robert C . Solomon
2003 Living with Nietzsche : what the great “immoralist” has to teach us. Oxford University Press.
Simmon May
1999 Nietzsche’s Ethics and his War on ‘Morality’. Oxford University Press.

其他書籍：

Robert Wright
2013 《神的演化》。梁永安譯。新北：大家出版。