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作者(中文):尹 華
作者(外文):Yin, Hua
論文名稱(中文):論魏晉南朝文人的經濟生活
論文名稱(外文):THE Intellectuals’ Economic Conditions in Wei, Jin, and the South Dynasties
指導教授(中文):朱曉海
許銘全
指導教授(外文):Chu, Sherman
Hsu, Ming-Chuan
口試委員(中文):李宜學
郭永吉
口試委員(外文):Lee, Yi-Hsueh
Kuo, Yung-chi
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立清華大學
系所名稱:中國文學系
學號:104041467
出版年(民國):107
畢業學年度:107
語文別:中文
論文頁數:93
中文關鍵詞:魏晉南北朝經濟生活日常生活文官社會史
外文關鍵詞:Wei and Jin Dynastieseconomic conditionsdaily lifeofficialsShiSocial history
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日常生活與文學創作有密切的關聯。了解文人的創作,可以從其作品內部進行分析,但也有另一個觀察方向,便是從他的生活狀況中了解。而日常生活中起到決定性影響的部分,就是經濟生活。六朝文人大都有一個官員的社會身份。官員的身份保障他們的生活品質(社會地位與物質生活),他們的創作期亦與他們的仕宦生涯是重合的,故論文討論大體以仕宦前後作為分割。
六朝文人入仕前,以家中父輩的收入與祖產作為經濟來源。他們大多出身士族,在不遇家中變故的情況下,會接受良好的家庭教育,為未來進入仕途做準備。除此以外,優越的物質生活同時也豐富了他們的興趣愛好。而若遇到變故,如父親早亡,他們生活會陷入貧苦的狀態,除了依靠親戚與故舊的資助,不得不耕作或者遊商以供自食。讀書只能靠自學為主。
六朝文人進入仕途。然而,中朝淪陷過江以後,朝廷用度不足,單純依靠俸祿難以養家。故他們會利用外放(迎新送故)、封賞、貪污賄賂等方式來滿足單薄俸祿造成的短缺,也就是許多廉潔的文官,即使品位再高也難以撐持家用,需要皇帝的額外賞賜。除此正規與灰色收入來源,他們也不忌諱自營產業。自營產業可以是地產(田地、山澤等等),也可以是貿易經商,也可以是利用個人特長而盈利。在支出上,他們除了要承擔一般家用以外,還必須面對一些重要的大筆開銷,如婚禮、娛樂、愛好、甚至還有意外事故等。這是他們要比其他階層的人多負擔的花費。
總而言之,六朝文人要維持殷實生活需要投入很多努力,並非依靠士族身份就可安然享受富貴。
Daily life is closely related to literary creation. To understand the author's creation, it can be analyzed from the inside work. But there is another direction of observation, that is, from his understanding of life situations. The part that has a decisive influence in daily life is economic life. Almost the Six Dynasties literati have a social identity is an official. The identity of officials guarantees their quality of life(Social status and material life), their creative period is also coincident with their careers. Therefore, the discussion of the thesis is generally divided into sections before and after their official life.
Before the literati of the Six Dynasties entering the official, they used the income and ancestral property of their fathers as their economic source. Most of them came from aristocratic families. In the absence of a home accident,they will receive a good family education and prepare for the future career. In addition, superior material life, but also enrich their interests. And if there is a change, if the father died early, their lives will be in a state of poverty. In addition to relying on relatives and old funding, they have to farm or do business for self-sufficiency. They can only rely on self-study for their studies.
The literati of the Six Dynasties entered the official career. However, after the fall of Luoyang and setup Jinlin, for lack of court costs, relying solely on salary is difficult for them to support their families. Therefore, they will use the chance of expatriate work (the local rich people would welcome new arrivals and farewell the former official), rewards, corruption and bribery to solve the shortage. Even a clean official, the high official position is not enough to support the family, and the emperor's extra reward is needed. In addition to this formal and gray income source, they are not afraid of self-employed industries. The self-operated industry can be real estate (land, mountain, etc.), trade or business, or profitable by using skills. In terms of expenditure, in addition to the general household, they must also face some important large expenses, such as weddings, entertainment, hobbies, and even accidents. This is the cost they have to pay more than people in other classes.
All in all, it takes a lot of effort to maintain a good life in the Six Dynasties. You can not rely on the identity of Nobles safely enjoy the wealth.
第一章「文人」與「經濟生活」的概念········································(1)
第一節 魏晉南朝的「文人」之定義············································(1)
第二節 文人的仕宦·······································································(9)
第三節 文人與經濟生活·····························································(14)
第二章 入仕前文人的經濟生活····················································(18)
第一節 孤貧士族少年之成長··················································(19)
第二節 普通士族少年之成長·····················································(27)
第三章 入仕後文人的經濟生活之收入········································(37)
第一節 俸祿·················································································(37)
第二節 外放(迎新送故)、封賞、貪污賄賂等························(47)
第三節 自營產業·········································································(55)
第四章 入仕後文人的經濟生活之支出········································(60)
第一節 婚嫁·················································································(60)
第二節 興趣愛好································································· ·······(63)
第三節 其他類()·····································································(67)
小結·································································································(69)
附錄(文人總表)
參考書目
一、基本史料(按照經史子集四部分類)

孔穎達,《周易正義》,臺北:藝文印書館,1977
李道平,《周易集解纂疏》,北京:中華書局,1994
孔穎達,《毛詩正義》,臺北:藝文印書館,1977
馬瑞辰,《毛詩傳箋通釋》,北京:中華書局,1989
許維遹,《韓詩外傳集释》,北京:中華書局,1980
孔穎達,《禮記注疏》,臺北:藝文印書館,1977
孫希旦,《禮記集解》,北京:中華書局,1995
朱彬,《禮記訓纂》,北京:中華書局,1996
賈公彥,《儀禮注疏》,臺北:藝文印書館,1977

王先謙,《後漢書補註》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
盧弼,《三國志集解》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
吳金華,《三國志校詁》,南京:江蘇古籍出版社,1990
吳士鑑、劉承幹,《晉書斠注》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
沈約,《宋書》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
蕭子顯,《南齊書》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
姚思廉,《梁書》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
姚思廉,《陳書》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
李延壽,《南史》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
魏徵,《隋書》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972
歐陽修,《新唐書》,臺北:藝文印書館,1972

杜佑,《通典》,北京:中華書局,1988
馬端臨,《文獻通考》,北京:中華書局,1986
孫星衍,《漢官六種》,北京:中華書局,1990
許嵩,《建康實錄》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987
張敦頤,《六朝事迹編類》,北京:中華書局,2012
王利器,《顏氏家訓集解》,北京:中華書局,1993
余嘉錫,《世說新語箋疏》,北京:中華書局,1983
葉瑛,《文史通義校注》,北京:中華書局,1985)
陳垣,《日知錄校注》,合肥:安徽大學出版社,2007
王樹民,《廿二史剳記校證》,北京:中華書局,1984
王鳴盛,《十七史商榷》,台北:大化書局,1977
黃大宏,《八代談藪校箋》,北京:中華書局,2010
曹旭,《詩品集注》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1994
胡應麟:《詩藪》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1979年
李善注,《文選》,臺北:藝文印書館,1971
袁枚,《隨園詩話》,北京:人民文學出版社,1960
錢大昕,《十駕齋養新錄》,台北:廣文書局,1968
嚴可均,《全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文》,北京:中華書局,1995
逯欽立,《先秦漢魏南北朝詩》,北京:中華書局,1993

二、近人著作

2.1 專著

勞榦,《魏晉南北朝史》,臺北:中華文化出版事業委員會,1955
唐長孺,《三至六世紀江南大土地所有制的發展》,上海:上海人民出版社,1957
(日)加藤繁,吳傑譯《中國經濟史考證》,北京:中華書局,1959(東洋文庫,1952-1953)
周一良,《魏晉南北朝史論集》,北京:中華書局,1963
傅樂成,《漢唐史論集》,臺北:聯經出版事業公司,1977
何啟民,《中古門第論集》,臺北:臺灣學生書局,1978
侯外廬,《中國封建社會史論》,北京:人民出版社,1979
王仲犖,《魏晉南北朝史》,上海:上海人民出版社,1979
楊聯陞,《國史探微》,臺北:聯經出版事業公司,1983
蘇紹興,《兩晉南朝的士族》,臺北:聯經出版事業公司,1987
程舜英,《魏晉南北朝教育制度史資料》,北京:北京師範大學出版社,1988
毛漢光,《中國中古社會史論》,台北:聯經出版社,1988
羅宗強,《玄學與魏晉士人心態》,杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991
杜正勝,《古代社會與國家》,台北:允晨,1992
劉淑芬,《六朝的城市與社會》,臺北:臺灣學生書局,1992
許輝,《六朝經濟史》,南京:江蘇古籍出版社,1993
錢穆,《中國學術思想史論叢(三)》,臺北:三民出版社,1993
萬繩楠,《魏晉南北朝史論稿》,臺北:雲龍出版公司,1994
卜憲群、張南,《中國魏晉南北朝教育史》,北京:人民出版社,1994
張兆凱,《漢--唐門蔭制度研究》,長沙:岳麓書社,1995
黃慧賢、陳鋒,《中國俸祿制度史》,武漢:武漢大學出版社,1996
丘光明、邱隆、楊平:《中國科學技術史•度量衡卷》,北京:科學出版社,2001
趙德馨,《趙德馨經濟史學論文選》,北京:中國財政經濟出版社,2002
全漢昇,《中國經濟史研究》,臺北市:稻鄉出版社,2003
吳正嵐,《六朝江東士族的家學門風》,南京:南京大學出版社,2003
朱大渭,《魏晉南北朝社會生活史》,北京:中國社會科學出版社,2005
王伊同,《五朝門第》,北京:中華書局,2006
瞿同祖,《漢代社會結構》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007
葉燁,《北宋文人的經濟生活》,南昌:百花洲文藝出版社,2008
嚴耕望,《嚴耕望史學論文集》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2009
閻步克,《品位与职位 : 秦汉魏晋南北朝官阶制度研究》,北京:中華書局,2009
(日)谷川道雄,李憑等譯,《魏晉南北朝隋唐史學的基本問題》,北京:中華書局,2010(汲古書院,1997)
田餘慶,《秦漢魏晉史探微》,北京:中華書局,2011
唐長孺,《魏晉南北朝史論叢續編》(《唐長孺文集 二》),北京:中華書局,2011
唐長孺,《魏晉南北朝史論叢》(《唐長孺文集 一》),北京:中華書局,2011
唐長孺,《魏晉南北朝隋唐史三論——中國封建社會的形成和前期的變化》,北京:中華書局,2011
張雨,《賦稅制度、租佃關係與中國中古經濟研究》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2015

2.2 期刊論文

逯欽立,<說文筆>,《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》第十六本(1945),页180-182
矩齋,<古尺考>,《文物》1957年第3期
芮逸夫:,收錄于《國立台灣大學考古人類學刊》,第十七、十八期合刊,1961,頁1-15。
許倬云,<漢代家庭的大小>,收錄于會議論文集《慶祝李濟先生七十歲論文集》(台北:清華學報,1965),頁789-806
(日)越智重明,孫言誠摘譯,<漢六朝的家產分配和二重家產>,《中國史研究動態》,第四十一期,1982年第五期,北京:中國社會科學出版社,頁29-34(《東洋學報》,卷六一第一——二號,1979年12月
胡寶國,<东晋南朝时代的九品中正制>,《中國史研究》,1987年第4期
劉增貴,<魏晉南北朝時代的妾>,《新史學》二卷四期,1991年12月,頁1-36
朱師曉海,〈魏晉時期文學自覺說的省思〉,《淡江大學中文學報》第9期(2003年12月)
邢義田,<允文允武——漢代官吏的一種典型>,《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》第七十五本(2004),第二分页,頁223-282

 
 
 
 
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