根據各領域的研究結果以及各國的統計資料，職業性肌肉骨骼傷害一直以來都密切影響著勞工健康，其中又以下背痛為主要探討的職業傷病之一。造成人員下背痛的原因繁多，在實際工作環境的作業中，則以人工物料搬運中的抬舉作業所佔的比例最高。近年來，RGB-D相機興起，其廣泛應用的潛能使它被認為有很高的可能性可作為動作追蹤裝置的一種。有鑑於此，本研究將以傳統動作追蹤系統之輸出數據為標準值，來探討當利用RGB-D相機追蹤動態抬舉作業時，針對人體主要關節、肢段之量測數據的準確度，並且同時瞭解RGB-D相機於不同拍攝角度時，是否會有準確度上的差異。
本研究探討兩種因子對於RGB-D追蹤準確度的影響，分別為RGB-D相機三種不同拍攝角度以及三種垂直抬舉範圍，每個因子皆有三種水準。拍攝角度方面，分別為受試者正前方(0度)、受試者右前方(45度)及受試者正右方(90度)；抬舉範圍方面，分別為地面至膝高、地面至肩高及膝高至肩高。經過統計分析比較後，就整體準確度而言，軀幹部分在三種拍攝角度下表現較平穩；上、下肢在90度角拍攝下左側肢段準確度明顯低於0度及45度，且0度和45度之得準確度無顯著差異。若僅觀察0度及45度，則下肢部分整體準確度最高，上肢部分整體最低，軀幹介於兩者之間。雖然大多數關節點的準確度在相機於0度及45度拍攝時無顯著差異，但由於遮蔽情形的不同，相機於45度時，上肢在不同抬舉範圍的準確度表現一致，而在0度時則有顯著差異。
透過本研究的結果，得以客觀地瞭解RGB-D相機應用於動態動作評估的潛力，以期提供未來相關研究與實務上應用的參考依據。

According to various fields of research, work-related musculoskeletal disorders have a close association with labor health. In particular, low back pain has been the most studied in terms of occupational injuries. There are many reasons for occupational injuries; however, lifting, a manual material handling task, is the main task causing occupational injuries. Previously, capturing data on lifting has been a challenge. In recent years, however, technologies have given risen to now widely used RGB-D cameras. Importantly, this camera has significant potential for use as a kind of motion capture device.
In this research, we use output data from a motion capture system as a gold standard and focus on accurately calculating main body joint and limb movements by using a RGB-D camera to collect dynamic lifting data. At the same time, we investigate whether there is any accuracy difference when collecting data with a RGB-D camera at different angles relative to the subject. The two independent variables in this research were view angles of the RGB-D camera and lifting range. Each factor had three levels. There were three view-angle levels: camera placed in front of subject, camera placed at right side 45 degrees from the subject, and camera placed at the right side 90 degrees from the subject. There were three lifting-range levels: from floor to knee height, from floor to shoulder height, and from knee height to shoulder height. Statistical analysis showed that trunk accuracy was not significantly different between different view angles of the RGB-D camera. The accuracy of the left side upper and lower limb at 90 degrees was significantly lower than 0 and 45 degrees and there was no significant difference between 0 and 45 degrees. If we only focused on 0 and 45 degrees, we found that accuracy was highest for the lower limbs and lowest for the upper limbs. The accuracy of most joints was not significantly different between a camera at 0 degrees and 45 degrees, but for upper limb accuracy, there was a significant difference between different lifting ranges when the camera was at 0 degrees, whereas there was no significant difference when the camera was at 45 degrees.
The experimental results of this study provided an objective understanding of the potential for use of a RGB-D camera for dynamic motion assessment. These results facilitate the use of such technologies to investigate occupational injuries, specifically lifting. This works serves as a reference for future research and practical application.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1 人工物料搬運 5
2.1.1 人工物料搬運所引起之傷病 5
2.2評估人工物料搬運之方法 7
2.3 RGB-D相機的應用 10
2.3.1 RGB-D相機之拍攝角度 10
第三章 研究方法 12
3.1 實驗儀器與設備 12
3.2 實驗設計與流程 14
3.2.1 研究參與者 14
3.2.2 光球點標記 14
3.2.3 實驗流程 17
3.2.4 誤差校正 22
3.3 數據分析 23
第四章 結果 27
4.1 描述性統計資料 27
4.2二因子重複量數變異數分析 33
4.3 主效果顯著之成對比較(Paired Comparison) 38
4.3.1 抬舉範圍顯著之成對比較 38
4.3.2 拍攝角度顯著之成對比較 39
4.4 交互作用效果顯著之單純效果(Simple effects)分析 41
第五章 討論 46
5.1 交互作用效果不顯著 46
5.2 交互作用效果顯著 49
5.3 綜合比較 51
第六章 結論 52
6.1 研究結論 52
6.2 限制 53
參考文獻 54
附錄一 61

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