本文設計一種泛用型虛實整合系統之架構，並將其運用於液靜壓軸承系統之元件設計與性能改善。本文之特點有三：其一、本架構之範圍涵蓋整個設計端到使用端，強調每一個階段所進行之決策與系統表現皆能成為往後對整體設計進行優化之依據。其二、在虛擬系統的建構上，本文探討利用傳統軟體程式語言與近年來發展之硬體描述語言之不同性質並納入時序之概念，於不同需求下結合兩者的不同優勢，使本文架構中之數據分析方式具有更多的可能性。其三、本文架構以本研究室較具經驗的液靜壓軸承研究為載具，除了驗證本架構的可行性以外，希望能進一步對該液靜壓系統進行分析、優化，挖掘虛實整合系統的實際應用價值，提供傳統產業新的可能性。
本文之虛擬系統建立部分，依照不同使用階段所需使用的分析方式與工具將重要參數分類，在簡化虛擬模型之複雜度的同時增強其未來之拓展能力。本文將設計到生產端分成靜態、動態、容差以及感測控制等四大分類，分別設計並建立相對應之模組後使其相互連結，進而完成虛擬系統本身之整合。
真實系統建立部分，則架設一小型液靜壓線性實驗平台，結合不同的節流器並觀察其性能表現。固定式節流器的研究時間最長，理論也最完善，適合進行本文虛實整合系統架構之驗證；而自補償節流器則可透過虛實整合系統之分析得到更有依據的設計優化與調校方式。
透過本論文，希望能結合不同領域之長處，提供設計者另一種不同的思考方式。

A cyber physical system (CPS) is an integration of computers and physical systems. In a CPS, the physical system is integrated with sensing, communication, and computing components.
This research aims at constructing a framework for the cyber physical system, including a virtual system as well as a physical system. To demonstrate the capability of the constructed cyber physical system, we designed an experiment platform of a hydrostatic linear stage as the real physical system. Within the virtual system, we constructed the simulation model for each component, which was able to characterize the feature of the physical system.
To reduce the complexity, the system model of each component was categorized into four major properties: static, dynamic, tolerancing design, and sensing & controlling. Then, we established the corresponding module to describe each property. The static module included properties, for example, the geometries, materials and loading parameters, while the dynamic module stated the derived dynamic performance of the corresponding static properties. The tolerancing module predicted the final performance after considering manufacturing uncertainty. The sensors, actuators, and controller were included in the fourth module to communicate between the virtual and physical systems.
Using the CPS, we predicted the performance of the linear stage while designing, controlling, and maintaining the physical system after manufacturing. We will closely look into the extensibility of the framework; other advanced options may be added in the future.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
第一章 導論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 文獻回顧 3
1-2.1 虛實整合系統 3
1-2.2 大數據（Big Data）與物聯網（Internet of Things, IoT） 5
1-2.3 數據分析與決策方式──統計方法、優化與智能學習 6
1-2.4 液靜壓軸承 9
1-3 研究動機與本文內容 10
第二章 虛實整合系統架構設計 13
2-1 虛實整合系統之困境 13
2-2 整體架構─虛擬系統設計 19
2-2.1 靜態模組 23
2-2.2 動態模組 24
2-2.3 容差模組 26
2-2.4 感測與控制模組 27
2-2.5 模組間之溝通方式規劃 30
2-3 大數據之應用與智能分析手段 31
第三章 液靜壓軸承理論公式─真實系統分析 36
3-1 液靜壓軸承流阻計算方式整理 39
3-1.1 毛細管節流器 39
3-1.2 溝槽型節流器 41
3-1.3 油墊與自補償節流封油面流阻計算 44
3-2 液靜壓軸承單向墊流阻網路法分析 54
3-3 液靜壓單向墊軸承性能調整模擬 59
第四章 CPS應用於液靜壓系統-真實系統調校 64
4-1 過往研究困境與改善方式 64
4-2 虛擬系統建立 70
4-2.1 靜態模組部分建立 70
4-2.2 容差模組部分建立─採用蒙地卡羅法為分析工具 73
4-2.3 感測控制模組部分建立─資料擷取與控制器 78
4-2.4 動態模組部分建立─FPGA上之硬體描述模型 86
4-3 真實系統建立 96
4-3.1 液靜壓軸承小型實驗平台 96
4-3.2 感測器實體元件 99
4-4 實驗架設與結果分析 101
4-4.1 初步實驗結果整理 105
4-4.2 溝槽理論公式比較 107
4-4.3 公差造成之不確定性分析及改善 111
4-4.4 其他分析 118
第五章 結論與未來工作 122
5-1 結論 122
5-2 未來工作 124
5-3 其他討論 125
附錄 133
A. 液靜壓基本公式推導 133
I. 管流分析（運用於毛細管流阻計算） 134
II. 兩平行板間流場分析（運用於油墊方形封油面流阻計算） 137
III. 環形封油面之分析 139
B. 液靜壓單向墊系統網路流阻法公式推導 141
I. 固定式節流器搭配單向墊系統 141
II. 自補償節流器搭配單向墊系統 145
III. 複合式節流器搭配單向墊系統 156
C. 油溫黏性換算推導（根據ASTM D341[36]） 162
參考資料 164

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