本研究的目的在於建立螺旋環填充物之不規則堆疊的流場模型，以Ansys®軟體進行運算，並使用吸收塔實驗驗證模擬。
本研究利用Solidworks®建立一套系統設計模型，而在模擬方面利用隱式VOF法並結合PID控制器來調整邊界壓力來計算出氣液接觸面積、持液率與壓力降。
接著，利用的二氧化碳和氫氧化納的吸收塔實驗求得拉西環與螺旋環的氣液接觸面積結果；另外，利用氮氣與RO水來進行吸收塔實驗求得拉西環與螺旋環持液率的結果。
由模擬結果得知，氣液接觸面積與結果趨勢符合，但持液率方面卻有些微落差，這歸因於模擬方法所造成的誤差，所以本研究最後將討論模擬方法的優缺點並探討如何使用才能得到最佳結果。

This study established a CFD model to simulate fluid phenomenon of helical rings in absorbers, as well as the model was validated by the experiment of bench scale absorber.
This study has a system to tell everyone how to establish a random packing model by helical packings and using computational fluid dynamics by implicit VOF method combined PID controller to control pressure for calculate interfacial area、liquid holdup and pressure drop.
Moreover, this research used CO2 and NaOH to finish interfacial area experiment for Raschig rings and helical rings；In the other hand, this study used N2 and RO water to achieve liquid holdup experiment for Raschig rings and helical rings.
By the simulated results, we find the simulated interfacial area was significantly close to the experimental interfacial area but the simulated liquid holdup was s lower than the experimental liquid holdup. Therefore, we find the reason is simulated method and we discuss different simulated method and choose which method is better for our case.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝辭 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2文獻回顧 1
1.2.1不規則填料介紹 1
1.2.2CFD模擬軟體之應用 2
1.3研究動機與目的 5
第二章 研究方法 7
2.1模擬簡介 7
2.2數值方法介紹 8
2.3統御方程式 9
2.3.1質量守恆方程式與體積分率方程式 9
2.3.2動量守恆方程式 11
2.3.3紊流方程式(Turbulence Equation) 11
2.4流場幾何 11
2.4.1填充物堆疊方法 15
2.5流場邊界設定 21
2.6流場資訊與網格切割 23
第三章 實驗 26
3.1實驗設備 26
3.2氣液接觸面積實驗 28
3.2.1實驗操作 28
3.2.2實驗運算 31
3.3持液率實驗 32
3.3.1實驗操作 32
3.3.2實驗運算 35
第四章 模擬結果 36
4.1氣液接觸面積之比較 39
4.1.1螺旋環氣液接觸面積模擬與實驗比較 39
4.1.2螺旋環與拉西環氣液接觸面積模擬與實驗比較 40
4.2持液率之比較 41
4.2.1螺旋環持液率模擬與實驗比較 41
4.2.2螺旋環與拉西環持液率模擬與實驗比較 42
4.3壓力降之比較 43
4.4模擬方法比較 44
第五章 結論 50
Nomenclature 51
文獻回顧 54

[1] S. A. Owens, M. R. Perkins, R. B. Eldridge, K. W. Schulz, and R. A. Ketcham, "Computational fluid dynamics simulation of structured packing," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 52, pp. 2032-2045, 2013.
[2] J. Chen, C. Liu, X. Yuan, and G. Yu, "CFD simulation of flow and mass transfer in structured packing distillation columns," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 17, pp. 381-388, 2009.
[3] M. K. Nikou and M. Ehsani, "Turbulence models application on CFD simulation of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer in a structured packing," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 35, pp. 1211-1219, 2008.
[4] W. L. McCabe, J. C. Smith, and P. Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering vol. 5: McGraw-Hill New York, 1956.
[5] R. Billet and M. Schultes, "Prediction of mass transfer columns with dumped and arranged packings: updated summary of the calculation method of Billet and Schultes," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 77, pp. 498-504, 1999.
[6] Q. Li, W. Ma, and Z. Zhang, "Research and development trend of column packing," Chemical Industry and Engineering Process, vol. 24, pp. 619-624, 2005.
[7] B. Szulczewska, I. Zbicinski, and A. Gorak, "Liquid flow on structured packing: CFD simulation and experimental study," Chemical Engineering & Technology, vol. 26, pp. 580-584, 2003.
[8] F. Gu, X. G. Yuan, and G. C. Yu, "CFD simulation of liquid film flow on inclined plates," Chemical Engineering & Technology, vol. 27, pp. 1099-1104, 2004.
[9] Y. Xu, S. Paschke, J. U. Repke, J. Yuan, and G. Wozny, "Computational approach to characterize the mass transfer between the counter-current gas-liquid flow," Chemical Engineering & Technology, vol. 32, pp. 1227-1235, 2009.
[10] X. Wen, Y. Shu, K. Nandakumar, and K. Chuang, "Predicting liquid flow profile in randomly packed beds from computer simulation," AIChE journal, vol. 47, pp. 1770-1779, 2001.
[11] M. G. Shi and A. Mersmann, "Effective interfacial area in packed columns," German chemical engineering, vol. 8, pp. 87-96, 1985.
[12] I. Iliuta, C. Petre, and F. Larachi, "Hydrodynamic continuum model for two-phase flow structured-packing-containing columns," Chemical engineering science, vol. 59, pp. 879-888, 2004.
[13] A. Hoffmann, I. Ausner, J. U. Repke, and G. Wozny, "Fluid dynamics in multiphase distillation processes in packed towers," Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 1433-1437, 2005.
[14] C. F. Petre, F. Larachi, I. Iliuta, and B. Grandjean, "Pressure drop through structured packings: Breakdown into the contributing mechanisms by CFD modeling," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 58, pp. 163-177, 2003.
[15] W. Said, M. Nemer, and D. Clodic, "Modeling of dry pressure drop for fully developed gas flow in structured packing using CFD simulations," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 66, pp. 2107-2117, 2011.
[16] A. Ataki and H. J. Bart, "Experimenatal and CFD simulaition study for the wetting of a structured packing element with liquids," Chemical Engineering & Technology, vol. 29, pp. 336-347, 2006.
[17] Y. Haroun, L. Raynal, and P. Alix, "Prediction of effective area and liquid hold-up in structured packings by CFD," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 92, pp. 2247-2254, 2014.
[18] Y. Jiang, M. Khadilkar, M. Al-Dahhan, and M. Dudukovic, "CFD of multiphase flow in packed‐bed reactors: I. k-Fluid modeling issues," AIChE Journal, vol. 48, pp. 701-715, 2002.
[19] A. Jafari, P. Zamankhan, S. Mousavi, and K. Pietarinen, "Modeling and CFD simulation of flow behavior and dispersivity through randomly packed bed reactors," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 144, pp. 476-482, 2008.
[20] A. A. Motlagh and S. Hashemabadi, "3D CFD simulation and experimental validation of particle-to-fluid heat transfer in a randomly packed bed of cylindrical particles," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 35, pp. 1183-1189, 2008.
[21] H. Bai, J. r. Theuerkauf, P. A. Gillis, and P. M. Witt, "A coupled DEM and CFD simulation of flow field and pressure drop in fixed bed reactor with randomly packed catalyst particles," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 48, pp. 4060-4074, 2009.
[22] J. Liu, H.C. Gao, C.C. Peng, D. S.H. Wong, S.S. Jang, and J.F. Shen, "Aspen Plus rate-based modeling for reconciling laboratory scale and pilot scale CO 2 absorption using aqueous ammonia," International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 34, pp. 117-128, 2015.
[23] R. E. Tsai, A. F. Seibert, R. B. Eldridge, and G. T. Rochelle, "A dimensionless model for predicting the mass-transfer area of structured packing," AIChE Journal, vol. 57, pp. 1173-1184, 2011.
[24] C. Wang, "Mass transfer coefficients and effective area of packing," 2015.
[25] K. Onda, H. Takeuchi, and Y. Okumoto, "Mass transfer coefficients between gas and liquid phases in packed columns," Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, vol. 1 pp. 56-62, 1968.
[26] E. Olsson, G. Kreiss, and S. Zahedi, "A conservative level set method for two phase flow II," Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 225, pp. 785-807, 2007.