染料敏化太陽電池由於具備高光電轉換效率特性而備受研究學者關注並已發展將近二十五年，可全複印型單片式染敏電池因簡單組裝及可大面積製程的優勢而注目並賦予未來高可行性發展。鑒於前述特點，吾人針對全複印型單片式染敏電池進行深入研究並初步建立相關電池製程。吾人在本研究中將此結構分別應用於液態及固態染敏太陽電池並將其研究成果細分成五個章節以便於說明：
第一章為太陽能及其光伏電池的介紹。
第二章為介紹染料敏化太陽電池的組成、光電運作轉換機制、不同結構類型染敏電池及全複印型單片式染敏電池的文獻回顧整理。
第三章為實驗部分，此章主要描述包含碳漿料及隔層漿料的製備(此章第二部分)、全複印型單片式液態及固態染敏電池的製作方法。此外，在固態染敏電池部分，各結構組成包含緻密層、電洞傳輸層中所使用材料及染料選擇皆有所細述說明。在其製備優化後將液態及固態元件施以光電測試並比較其差異性。
第四章為實驗結果與討論，吾人將其分為三個部分：(i)選擇重量比為1:4的碳黑及石墨烯混合漿料進行陰極製備並將其以450oC高溫進行鍛燒; (ii) 全複印型單片式液態染敏元件效率相較於一般傳統式染敏電池，因具備高串聯電阻而致使其低光電轉換效率; (iii)經由探討緻密層及電動傳輸層製備及其優化技術，目前全複印型單片式固態染敏元件的短路電流可達至3.439 mA.cm-2，足以匹配傳統使用鍍金作為陰極的固態元件(短路電流為3.534 mA.cm-2)。最後，吾人將具長碳鏈有機染料取代釕金屬染料作為光敏化劑並使其元件效率提升1.790%及高穩定性。
第五章為結論、未來工作及全複印型單片式染敏電池的展望。

Dye sensitized solar cells have been paying much attention for 25 years due to its high power conversion efficiency. All-printable monolithic structure is known for simple process and easy to apply at large scale. The bright future of this structure is undebatable. Basing on that, our lab has set up all-printable monolithic PV fabrication process. In this research, all-printable monolithic structure had applied in liquid-based and solid-state DSC. These are 5 chapters in this dissertation:
Chapter I is introduction to solar energy and terminologies in solar cells.
Chapter II generally introduced to components in dye-sensitized solar cells, its operation principle, several structures using in dye-sensitized solar cells and literature review to all-printable monolithic structure in PV devices.
Chapter III is experimental section. Carbon and spacer paste fabrication were mentioned in second section of this part. Liquid-based all-printable monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells was fabricated. Besides that, some components in solid-state all-printable monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells such as blocking layer, spiro-OMeTAD deposition methods, sensitizer also introduce. After choosing the appropriate component, solid-state all-printable monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells was fabricated. Liquid-based and solid-state conventional devices were fabricated for comparing.
Chapter IV is the results and discussion. We separated into 3 parts: (i) the carbon black: graphite of 20 wt.% and annealing temperature at 450 oC were chosen; (ii) liquid-based all-printable monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells is lower PCE than conventional using liquid electrolyte due to high series resistance; (iii) after investigating blocking layer and spiro-OMeTAD deposition method, solid-state all-printable monolithic device achived Jsc of 3.439 mA.cm-2 which is comparable to conventional one using gold as counter electrode (3.534 mA.cm-2). Changing Ru-based sensitizer by organic sensitizer with long alkyl chains improved performance of device. The PCE of 1.790 % was achived with high stability.
Chapter V is conclusions , future works and outlook for all-printable monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells.

Abstract i
摘要 iii
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
List of Figures x
List of Tables xvi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1-1. Solar energy 1
1-2. Classification of Photovoltaic Technology 3
1-3. Terminologies of a solar cell 4
Chapter 2 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 10
2-1. The components of a DSC 10
2-1-1. Transparent conducting oxide glass (TCO) 10
2-1-2. Electron transporting materials 11
2-1-3. Sensitizer 13
2-1-4. Hole transporting materials 17
2-1-5. Counter electrode 21
2-2. Operation principle of a DSC 22
2-3. Structure of DSC 23
2-4. The advantage of DSC 25
2-5. Literature review of all-printable monolithic PV devices 25
Motivation 29
Chapter 3 Experimental 30
3-1. Chemicals and materials 30
3-2. Fabrication of conventional sandwich DSC 31
3-3. Fabrication of all-printable monolithic DSC 33
3-3-1. Carbon paste preparation 33
3-3-2. ZrO2 paste preparation 33
3-3-3. Preparation of blocking layers 34
3-3-4. Spiro-OMeTAD deposition methods 34
3-3-5. All-printable monolithic devices fabrication 35
3-4. Fabrication of conventional solid-state DSC 36
3-5. Characteristic methods 37
3-5-1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 37
3-5-2. Energy-dispersive X-rays Spectroscopy (EDS) 37
3-5-3. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) 38
3-5-4. Photovoltaics measurement 38
3-5-5. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) 39
3-5-6. UV-Vis spectroscopy 39
3-5-7. Sheet resistance measurement 39
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions 40
4-1. Morphology construction of devices 40
4-1-1. The effect of CB: graphite ration 40
4-1-2. The effect of annealing temperature 41
4-1-3. Spacer 43
4-2. All-printable monolithic liquid-based DSC 44
4-3. All-printable solid-state DSC 52
4-3-1. Preliminary sDSC- ZrO2/C results 52
4-3-2. The effect of blocking layer 53
4-3-3. The effect of spiro-OMeTAD deposition methods 58
4-3-4. The effect of sensitizer 63
4-3-5. The effect of TiO2 NPs particle 65
4-3-6. The stability of sDSC – ZrO2/C 66
4-4. Charge transport in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells 67
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future works 71
5-1. Conclusions 71
5-2. Future works and Outlook 71
Reference 73

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