近年來，鈉離子電池受到了極大的關注，由於其低成本、自然資源豐富、和鋰同為鹼金屬一族相似的化學性質，使其成為最有潛力替代鋰離子電池能源儲存和轉換的新系統。磷（P）是在鈉離子電池中具有最高理論容量（2596mAh g-1）的陽極材料，但由於其絕緣性質，商用的紅磷不能與鈉離子可逆地反應。磷的陽極材料系統中，它們都是以碳-磷複合材料的形式存在。在此研究中，我們提出以高能量球磨紅磷和適量鐵粉即可製備出紅磷-鐵複合物，為鈉離子電池（SIBs）提供1506.5mA h g-1的可逆電容量，30個循環的容量保持率為88％。EIS測試結果指出，含鐵的紅磷複合材料具有較高的鈉擴散係數。當作鈉離子電池陽極時，9.1％鐵添加的紅磷複合材料表現出最佳的電化學性能，電流密度速率能力測試分別在0.2、0.6、1、6和10A g-1的電流密度下，達到1582.3、1419.3、884.7和676.5 mA h g-1，可作為鈉離子電池的新型陽極材料。

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to low cost, abundant Na source and the similar chemical properties to Li, making it the most promising alternative to lithium-ion battery for application in energy storage and conversion of the new system. Phosphorus (P) is an anode material with the highest theoretical capacity (2596 mA h g-1) in a sodium ion battery, but commercially available red P is electrochemical inactivity with sodium as a result of the insulating nature. Among the P-based anodes for SIBs, they were all in the form of carbon−P composites. Herein, we report that commercial red phosphorus and appropriate amount of iron developed by high-energy ball milling can deliver a reversible capacity of 1506 mA h g−1 with capacity retention 88% over 30 cycles. EIS measurement results indicated that Fe content composites has higher sodium diffusion coefficient. When utilized as a sodium ion battery anode, 9.1% Fe-adding RP composites exhibited the best electrochemical performance achieved 1582.3, 1419.3, 884.7 and 676.5 mA h g-1 specific desodiation capacity at 0.2, 0.6, 1, 6 and 10 A g-1 current density in rate capability test, as a novel anode material for sodium ion batteries.

中文摘要 1
Abstract II
Table of Contents III
List of Figures IV
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Development of Sodium ion batteries 1
1.2 Introduction of Mechanical milling 4
1.3 Development of phosphorus-carbon nanotube anode for SIB 5
Chapter 2. Experimental Section 11
2.1 Chemicals 11
2.2 Synthesis of RP-Fe composites 11
2.3 RP-Fe composites slurry formation 12
2.4 Sodium ion battery assembly 12
2.5 Electrochemical characterization 12
2.6 Characterization 12
Chapter 3. Result and discussion 14
3.1 RP-Fe composites characterization 14
3.2 Electrochemical performance 19
3.3 Conclusion 27
Reference 28
Appendix 32

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