隨著奈米科技的發展，許多新穎的電極材料相繼而出。同時，超級電容器的功率密度與能量密度也由於電極材料的改良而提升。然而，通過傳統的熱處理製作奈米結構的電極材料，往往必須消耗更多的能量，與超級電容器作為儲能裝置的初衷相違背。
因此，本研究設計了一個簡單的兩步法，首先在碳布上電鍍鎳，再將電鍍鎳的碳布置入甲苯溶劑中，進行微波反應，於電鍍鎳的碳布上長出碳奈米材料，形成超電容複合材料。碳布經由電鍍鎳後大幅提升其面電容值，在電流密度為5 mA cm-2下，其值達到1238 mF cm-2，為原始碳布面電容的12000倍。
最後，經過微波處理的成品，展現其優異的電容表現。檢測結果顯示，引入碳材結構後，電極可以得到兩種性質上的改善，第一點就是碳材會提升整體電極的導電性，在電流密度為5 mA cm-2下，其面電容會比電鍍鎳的碳布增加141 mF cm-2。另一方面，藉由碳材的支撐，電極的穩定性會提升，在電流密度為20 mA cm-2下，可以承受4000次的充放電，其可承受充放電次數為電鍍鎳碳布的3倍之多。

Progresses in nanoscience and nanotechnology lead to development of new electrode materials capable of delivering high power and energy densities for supercapacitors. Nevertheless, fabrication of electrode nanostructures often requires a series of heat treatments, which goes against the intention of energy storage.
Here, we develop a simple two-step fabrication process for carbon cloth based composite electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Carbon cloth is firstly electroplated by Ni deposition (Ni-P), followed by microwave treatment in toluene with which carbonaceous nanostructures is formed on carbon cloth (MWtoluene-Ni-P). With nickel deposition, the areal capacitance of the carbon cloth is raised enormously to 1238 mF cm-2 at the current density of 5 mA cm-2, which is 12,000 times of that of the plain carbon cloth. The as synthesized final product, MWtoluene-Ni-P, exhibits even superior capacitive properties to product Ni-P. The electrochemical characterization results of both products show that the influences of the carbonaceous materials are essentially two-fold. One is to increase the overall electrical conductivity of the electrode. With the presence of the carbonaceous material, the areal capacitance is 141 mF cm-2 higher than that of product Ni-P at the current density of 5 mA cm-2. The second effect is to improve the mechanical stability of the electrode. The MWtoluene-Ni-P electrode can sustain 4000 charge/dis-charge cycles at 20 mA cm-2, which is 3 times longer than the Ni-P electrode.

總目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
總目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 微波碳布製作獨立電極 2
1-3 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 碳鎳複合材料之超電容 4
2-2 微波輔助合成碳奈米材料 12
2-2-1鎳金屬對碳的催化特性 12
2-2-2碳材液相微波性質 14
2-2-3 烴類液相中的微波電漿 15
第三章 實驗方法與儀器原理 18
3-1 實驗藥品 18
3-2 實驗器材 19
3-3 分析儀器 19
3-4 實驗流程 20
3-4-1 直流電鍍 20
3-4-2 液相微波合成 21
3-4-3 電化學分析實驗 21
第四章 結果與討論 22
4-1 材料製備鑑定 22
4-1-1 電鍍鎳(Nickel-electroPlating, Ni-P) 22
4-1-2 微波輔助碳熱還原(MWair-Ni-P) 28
4-1-3 液相微波分析(MWwater-Ni-P、MWtoluene-Ni-P) 33
4-2 材料電化學鑑定 41
4-2-1 循環伏安法(Cyclic Voltammetry, CV) 41
4-2-2充放電測試(Charge-Discharge, CD) 50
4-2-3 交流阻抗測試(AC impedance) 55
第五章 結論 58
第六章 參考文獻 59

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