鉻 (Chromium) 所造成的環境污染與鋼鐵、皮革、顏料和橡膠等工業活動相當息息相關。一般而言，鉻主要以帶正電的三價鉻物種 (Cr(III)) 和帶負電的六價鉻物種 (Cr(VI)) 兩種形式存在。對蛋白質和脂肪代謝而言，三價鉻是必需元素。相反地，六價鉻則會導致去氧核糖核酸 (Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA) 的損壞，使細胞有可能因此發生病變。基於六價鉻具有相當強的毒性，因此環境水樣中六價鉻的快速測定對於評估其對環境和人類的影響一直相當高的重要性。
有鑑於微流體技術的獨特優點，如試劑和功率消耗量低、方便攜帶可供即時監測、製造成本低廉和多樣化設計，在過去的幾十年裡，此一技術已成為相當引人注目的分析技術。在數種微流體技術中，離心裝置近年來備受關注，相較於其他微流體系統中常用的操作方法而言，離心裝置藉由離心力驅動樣品和試劑，因此不需要使用任何幫浦作為驅動力。
本研究旨在開發一套離心微流體裝置，其包含了一個固相萃取管柱和流體控制閥，並搭配簡易的影像分析技術來定量六價鉻。根據實驗結果顯示，在最適化的條件下 (調態操作轉速：2000 rpm；樣品pH值：pH3；氫氧化鈉濃度：3 M；雙氧水濃度：5 M；第一道沖提試劑量：20 uL；第二道沖提試劑量：20 uL；第三道沖提試劑量：10 uL)，本研究僅需15分鐘即可完成分析6組分析物，且六價鉻的偵測極限可達1.69 mg L─1。由此足見，本系統確實為一套具有潛力的六價鉻分析技術。

Environmental pollution caused by chromium (Cr) is closely related to the industrial activities, such as steel, leather, pigment and rubber industries. Typically, Cr exists either as cationic trivalent species (i.e., Cr(III)) or anionic hexavalent species (i.e., Cr(VI)). Cr(III) species are essential in protein and lipid metabolism. In contrast, Cr(VI) species are capable of inducing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage leading to potential cell transforming effects. Considering Cr(III) species are prone to form more toxic Cr(VI) species in the environment, the determination of Cr(VI) is critical for evaluating their impacts on the environment and human being.
Over past decades, the microfluidic-based technology has emerged as a popular methodology for analytical work due to their unique advantages such as low reagent/power consumption, portability for in-situ use, low fabrication cost, and versatile design. Among several microfluidic-based techniques available, centrifugal microdevices have attracted much attention in recent years. Compared to the usual methods for fluid manipulation in miniaturized systems, the sample/reagent solutions are driven by centrifugal force without the use of any other pumping equipment. Thus, more compact designs for analytical systems can be expected.
In this study, we developed a centrifugal device including a glucamine-packed solid phase extraction column and in-channel flow control valves. After coupling the developed centrifugal device to simple image analysis tools. Under the optimized condition, it merely needed 15 minutes to analyze six samples in a single run. The limit of detection of Cr(VI) were 1.69 mg L─1. Based on the analytical results, the proposed system was proven to be a promising platform for determination of Cr(VI).

摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
1.1 環境中鉻物種分布及重要性 1
1.1.1 鉻物種之來源及分布 1
1.1.2 鉻物種之毒性及代謝機制 3
1.2現行分析技術發展 6
1.2.1 傳統儀器於鉻分析之技術 6
1.2.2 微流體分析裝置之演進 7
1.2.3 離心式微流體晶片發展崛起 9
1.3研究目的與因應策略 11
第二章 實驗部分 12
2.1 藥品與儀器 12
2.1.1 藥品與試劑 12
2.1.2 儀器裝置 12
2.2 離心式固相萃取晶片之製程 13
2.2.1 離心式固相萃取晶片製程 13
2.2.2 微型管柱製程 17
2.3 分析方法之建立 18
2.4 真實樣品製備 22
第三章 結果與討論 23
3.1離心式固相萃取晶片分析裝置設計理念 23
3.2 偵測方法之建立 25
3.3影像分析技術 27
3.4離心式固相萃取晶片之萃取條件最適化 29
3.4.1調態操作轉速對萃取效率之影響 29
3.4.2樣品pH值對萃取效率之影響 31
3.4.3離心式固相萃取晶片之脫附條件最適化 33
3.5晶片分析效能評估 40
第四章 結論 46
參考文獻 49
附錄、論文口試審查委員意見修正情形一覽 53

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