本研究旨在製備一具高通量及高阻鹽性之碳材料複合膜，並將其應用於正向滲透（Forward osmosis, FO）分離程序，期望能解決未來水資源之危機。為此，本研究以懸浮法及含浸法，將聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯（Polydopamine/Graphene oxide, PDA/GO）層貼附於不織布纖維上，並以界面聚合法於其上形成聚醯胺（Polyamide, PA）選擇層，以製備出PDA/GO複合膜。研究中，分別將對複合膜表面進行親疏水性分析，討論親疏水特性對FO效能之關係；此外，並討論不同GO含量及不同不織布厚度對FO效能之影響。且進一步將不織布作不同提取液濃度之量測，以論證其於實際FO應用之可能性。研究結果顯示，於不織布正面浸鍍之PDA/GO能幫助PA選擇層之形成，且隨浸鍍時間增加，逆溶質擴散現象降低；而於不織布背面浸鍍之PDA/GO則能增加複合膜之親水性，進而提高水通量。 以Ahlstrom 3324型號之不織布為基材，雙面浸鍍GO濃度80 μg/ml之PDA/GO 8小時，所得之PDA/GO複合膜，其於靜態FO量測中，有最高之水通量值3.64 LMH；而以Ahlstrom 3254型號之不織布依上述相同製程所得之PDA/GO複合膜，其於在靜態FO量測中，則有最低之逆溶質擴散值0.77 gMH。最後，證實本實驗所提出之新穎PDA/GO碳複合膜具有應用於FO分離系統之潛力。

In pursuance of addressing the global water shortage problem, this work was designed to fabricate carbon materials-based forward osmosis thin-film composite (FO-TFC) membranes with high flux and high salt rejection properties. In this study, a novel method has been developed which was conducted by coating the surface of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwoven fabric with polydopamine/graphene oxide (PDA/GO) prior to the interfacial polymerization of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and m-phenylenediamine (MPD).
Results showed that coating of the PDA/GO layer on the front-side of PET nonwoven substrate facilitated the formation of a denser selective polyamide（PA）layer during interfacial polymerization process to reduce reverse salt flux; the PDA/GO layer on the back-side of PET nonwoven endowed the substrate with catechol and ethylamino groups to enhance the hydrophilicity, which result in an increase in water flux. The TFC membranes fabricated by coating rGO on Ahlstrom 3324 PET nonwoven surfaces followed by coating of PDA/GO (with 80 μg/ml GO) and interfacial polymerization of PA showed a highest water flux of 3.64 LMH and the Ahlstrom 3254 PET nonwoven with same procedure demonstrated a lowest reverse salt flux 0.77 gMH in static FO test using deionized water as the feed along with 1 M NaCl draw solution in the FO mode. It showed that the feasibility of this novel method to fabricate FO-TFC membrane with good properties.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 薄膜技術簡介 3
2.1.1 薄膜定義 3
2.1.2 薄膜分離程序 4
2.1.3 薄膜型態 5
2.2 複合薄膜之介紹及其製備方式 6
2.2.1多孔支撐層之製備 6
2.2.2 緻密選擇層之製備 8
2.3 正向滲透之簡介 9
2.3.1 正向滲透薄膜之歷史及發展 10
2.3.2 正向滲透分離原理及應用 11
2.3.3 正向滲透技術之應用瓶頸 12
2.4 石墨烯之簡介 20
2.4.1 石墨烯之起源與特性 20
2.4.2 石墨烯的製備 21
2.4.3 石墨烯及其衍生物於正向滲透薄膜之應用 24
第三章 實驗方法與分析 40
3.1實驗設備與材料分析儀器 41
3.1.1電磁加熱攪拌機 41
3.1.2高速離心機 41
3.1.3超音波洗淨機 42
3.1.4水循環過濾系統 42
3.1.5場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 43
3.1.6原子力顯微鏡 43
3.1.7 X光繞射分析儀 44
3.1.8拉曼光譜儀 44
3.1.9傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀 45
3.1.10水接觸角量測儀 45
3.1.11薄膜厚度輪廓測量儀 46
3.1.12正向滲透效能測試 46
3.2實驗方法及步驟 47
3.2.1 氧化石墨烯之製備 48
3.2.2 表面改質不織布之製備 49
3.2.3 聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯複合膜之製備 49
3.3 性質分析 50
3.3.1 正向滲透效能量測 50
第四章 結果與討論 60
4.1石墨烯之分析 60
4.1.1掃描式電子顯微鏡之形貌觀察 60
4.1.2原子力顯微鏡形貌分析 61
4.1.3 X光繞射光譜分析 61
4.1.4拉曼光譜分析 62
4.1.5傅立葉轉換紅外光譜分析 63
4.2 聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯複合膜之分析 64
4.2.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡之形貌觀察 64
4.2.2 薄膜厚度輪廓測量儀之分析 67
4.2.3 傅立葉轉換紅外光譜分析 67
4.2.4 水接觸角分析 68
4.3 正向滲透效能之分析 69
4.3.1聚多巴胺與氧化石墨烯浸鍍時間對正向滲透效能之影響 70
4.3.2聚多巴胺與氧化石墨烯浸鍍方式對正向滲透效能之影響 70
4.3.3氧化石墨烯濃度對正向滲透效能之影響 72
4.3.4不織布厚度對正向滲透效能之影響 73
4.3.5 提取液濃度對正向滲透效能之影響 73
4.3.6 聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯複合膜於動態正向滲透之應用 75
第五章 結論 97
參考文獻 98

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