最標準的細菌檢測方式為利用培養基進行細菌增殖，再利用一系列生化反應，例如微生物發酵、特定受質的利用、還原與降解等特性來鑑定微生物種類，或是利用聚合酵素連鎖反應 (Polymerase Chain Reaction，PCR)，質譜鑑定(Mass Spectrometry，MS)等大型機台進行判讀，這些方法精準度高，但至少需耗費一天以上作增殖反應，若遇上培養困難、生長緩慢或是無適當培養基的菌種再更為耗時。
本研究提出了一個奈米篩分微流體系統(Nano-Sieving Microfluidic System, NS-MFS)這是一個基於信號放大的檢測技術，該技術通過在氧化還原活性金奈米顆粒（redox active gold nanoparticles, raGNP）上結合電化學活性分子（electrochemical active molecule, EAM）和特異性抗體。經修飾的raGNP通過特異性抗體與細菌表面結合，再通過電化學聚合形成電化學活性的聚合物膜，當施加電壓時，EAM膜的氧化還原活性電流可以通過常規電化學檢測系統檢測，工作時間約30分鐘並達到~10 CFU/mL的生理檢測需求。
為了能夠在生醫檢測應用上，減少非特異性吸附等造成的背景雜訊干擾，在本研究中，我們提出將(self-doped sulfonated polyaniline, SPANI)作為塗層材料整合於Au電極上，該塗層材料在介電泳捕捉大腸桿菌與清洗的中顯示出優異的抗生物污染和導電特性，不僅具有非常低的殘留質量（1.438％），且在三循環實驗中捕捉細胞數量之標準差為22.47(PEG修飾表面的標準差高達208.9)顯示其具有高的電穩定性。未來應可實用在生物或醫學的快速檢測上。

The most standard method of bacterial detection is to use the culture medium for bacterial proliferation, and then use a series of biochemical reactions, such as microbial fermentation, specific substrate utilization, reduction and degradation, to identify microbial species, or to use large-scale machines such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or mass spectrometry (MS) for interpretation. These methods are highly accurate, but required at least one day for proliferative reactions. It is more time consuming to encounter strains that are difficult to grow, slow to grow, or have no suitable medium.
This study proposes a strategy based on signal amplification by conjugating an electrochemical active molecule (EAM) and a specific antibody on redox active gold nanoparticles (raGNPs). The modified raGNPs are conjugated to the surface of bacteria via a specific antibody to form an electrochemically active poly-film by electropolymerization. When applying a voltage, a redox-active current of the EAM film can be detected by a conventional electrochemical detection system. The working time is ~30 minutes and reached a physiological testing requirement of ~10 CFU/mL.
In order to reduce the background noise caused by non-specific adsorption in bio-detection applications, in this study, we propose to integrate self-doped sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) as a coating material on the Au electrode. The coating material showed excellent bio-contamination and conductive properties during DEP capturing-and-releasing processes, not only with very low residual mass (1.438%), but also the standard deviation of the number of cells captured in the three-cycle experiment was 22.47. (The standard deviation of the PEG-modified surface is as high as 208.9) indicating its excellent electrical stability. The future should be practical for rapid detection of biology or medicine.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
章節目錄 IV
第一章　緒論 1
1.1 研究背景前言 1
1.2研究動機 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1細菌檢測 8
2.1.1 革蘭氏染色 9
2.1.2選擇性培養基 10
2.1.3生化反應 11
2.1.4核酸聚合酵素連鎖反應（Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR） 11
2.1.5質譜鑑定(mass spectrometry，MS) 14
2.1.6流式細胞儀(Flow Cytometry) 14
2.1.7adenosine triphosphate (ATP)微生物發光 15
2.2　感測器 16
2.2.1電化學感測器 17
2.3電化學分析方法 20
2.3.1 循環伏安法(cyclic voltammetry, CV)[68]–[70], [72] 20
計時電流法通常用於測量電活性物質的擴散係數或工作電極的表面積。計時電流法的分析應用依賴於以固定的時間間隔重複脈衝工作電極的電位。計時電流法也可以應用 22
2.4　電化學生物感測器 23
2.5　表面修飾 27
2.5.1　自組裝單分子薄膜用於表面修飾 27
2.5.2　電極修飾抗體之技術 28
2.6.3　電化學合成 29
2.7 抗生物汙染機制 30
第三章 實驗設計與規劃 32
3.1 實驗設計與架構 32
3.1.1晶片製作 36
3.1.2實驗操作流程 40
DEP晶片 42
3.2 實驗藥品與儀器 43
3.2.1 實驗化學藥品 43
3.2.2 實驗儀器 45
第四章 結果與討論 52
4.1氧化還原活性金奈米粒子（RAGNPS）在奈米篩分微流體系統（NS-MFS）中以電化學超敏感檢測菌血症 52
4.1.1細菌富集和純化 52
4.1.3 raGNPs上電化學活性分子的特性 56
4.1.4 HSBD生物感測器的選擇性和靈敏度分析 58
4.1.5 HSBD生物感測器的檢測極限 59
4.1.6總結 61
4.2磺化聚苯胺作為兩性離子和導電界面提供生物感測器電極上的抗生物污染能力 62
4.2.1電極表面修飾材料的特性分析 66
4.2.2抗生物污染的評估 70
4.2.3 總結. 74
第五章 結論與未來工作 75
參考文獻 75

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