雙相流於工業界扮演重要之角色，諸如電子構裝之散熱、太陽能電池之散熱、核能電廠熱水流系統等領域，皆需要了解雙相流流場中空泡分率之分布。雙流體模型提供了準確、經濟的方法來計算流場中空泡分率之分布，但其極度仰賴物理模型之精準性。本研究回顧過去所發展之介面作用力模型，並從中發現大多介面作用力模型僅考慮層流、單氣泡系統下的氣泡受力行為。因此，本研究基於紊流理論以及空氣動力學，提出在紊流流場中、多氣泡系統下氣泡可能之受力以及運動行為，並依此發展新的介面作用力模型。並架設實驗機台，觀察量測雙相流流場，證實氣泡在紊流情況下，的確有著碰撞行為。並且利用雙探針量測流場，以近壁區中的力平衡，推得新作用力模型的參數。最後使用數值模擬，評估新發展之模型於不同流場條件下對現有作用力模型之改善。本研究所新發展之介面作用力模型，彌補現有模型之理論缺陷，並擁有實驗觀察之佐證，亦對數值模擬有良好的增進。因而本研究所發展之模型，對於雙相流紊流之中相分布預測有相當的重要性。

Two phase flow plays an important role in many industrial field, such as cooling of electric devices, heat transfer of solar cell and nuclear safety system. Among of these application, prediction of phase distribution is a major concern. The two fluid model provides an economic and reliable method for computing the phase distribution in two phase flow. However, the reliability of two fluid model strongly depend on the applied closure model. In this study, current closure model for interfacial forces had been reviewed. A theorical defect of interfacial force model was pointed out that many interfacial forces model was developed with laminar conditions in single bubble system. Therefore, a new mechanism of interfacial force in turbulence two phase flow was proposed basing on turbulence theory and gas dynamics in this study. For verifying the hypothesis, an experiment of two phase flow in vertical annulus pipe was conducted and observed with high speed camera. Also, the flow structure of experiment in the near wall region was measured. With the measurement data, the coefficients of new models were suggested. Furthermore, the new developed interfacial model was implanted into CFD code for model assessment in extensive flow conditions. The simulation result showed a great improvement with the new proposed models. The new developed models provide a stronger theorical base and improved the simulation result. Therefore, it is recommended to applying these models in the two phase turbulent flow for phase distribution prediction.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
第三章 數學模型 9
3.1 雙流體模型 11
3.2 介面作用力模型 11
3.2.1 阻力 12
3.2.2 升力 14
3.2.3 壁面潤滑力 16
3.2.4 氣泡變形力 18
3.2.5 紊流消散力 19
3.2.6 氣泡碰撞力 20
3.3 氣泡碰撞力模型之建立 21
3.3.1 氣泡與壁面之間的碰撞力 22
3.3.2 氣泡碰撞力模型 24
3.4 小結數學模型 26
第四章 環形管雙相流實驗 32
4.1 環狀管實驗架構 32
4.1.1 實驗環路之設計 32
4.1.2 量測儀器與誤差分析 33
4.2 實驗結果與討論 38
4.2.1 實驗觀察結果 38
4.2.2 實驗量測結果 39
4.3 小結實驗 40
第五章CFD數值模擬 61
5.1 統御方程式與物理模型 61
5.1.1 連續方程式與雙流體模型 61
5.1.2 雙相流紊流模型 61
5.2 數值模型與邊界條件 62
5.3 模擬結果與討論 63
5.3.1 現有介面作用力模型評估 63
5.3.2 新作用力模型評估 64
5.3 小結數值模擬 65
第六章 結論 78
符號對照表 80
參考文獻 83
附錄一 氣泡碰撞力之UDF 90
附錄二 氣泡壁面碰撞力之UDF 92
附錄三 氣泡變形力之UDF 97

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