本論文描述及探討泰雅語七大方言(賽考利克泰雅語、四季泰雅語、汶水泰雅語、萬大泰雅語、澤敖利泰雅語、宜蘭澤敖利泰雅語、大興泰雅語)之共時音韻系統、重建原始泰雅語（Proto-Atayal)的詞彙與音韻系統並將該七大方言分群。

在音韻系統方面，筆者描述泰雅語各個方言的音位系統、語音組合限制以及共時音變。就輔音系統而言，各個方言主要的差異在於：(1) 萬大、澤敖利、宜蘭澤敖利、大興等四個方言中無輔音/q/、(2) 賽考利克、澤敖利、大興等三個方言中無輔音<c> /ts/、(3) 萬大方言有輔音/ɹ/。泰雅語方言的元音數量少則3個（/a i u/，如:大興方言），多則6個（/a i u e o ə/，如:賽考利克、四季、澤敖利等方言）。汶水、萬大、大興等三個方言依舊保留倒數第三個音節的元音差異，在其他方言中，該位置的元音則弱化為/ə/。所有方言中，唯有汶水方言尚保留詞尾的濁擦音。就音節結構而言，除了汶水方言以外，其餘方言皆允許CGVC的音節結構，大興方言甚至允許更複雜的CGVGC音節結構。

本文以主流歷史語言學家所使用之標準比較方法（the standard Comparative Method)，即透過方言間之規律與音對應，重建原始泰雅語的音韻系統。原始泰雅語總共有19個輔音音位（*p, *t, *k, *q, *ʔ, *b, *g, *c, *s, *x, *h, *m, *n, *ŋ, *l, *r, *ɹ, *w, *y）。其中原始泰雅語有*q、*c、*ɹ等三個音位，目前並無方言保留此三個輔音完全不變。原始泰雅語的元音系統只有4個元音（*a, *i, *u, *ə）。除音韻系統以外，筆者亦重建原始泰雅語的語音組合限制，即音節結構與音位分布限制。原始泰雅語的音韻結構相對簡單，最複雜的音節結構為CVC，且詞中音節尾僅允許近音。

筆者將泰雅語方言分為北泰雅（Northern Atayal）與南泰雅（Southern Atayal）兩大群，北泰雅語群涵蓋汶水、賽考利克、四季等三個方言，其證據為*-lit 與 *-liʔ之合流以及共同的詞彙創新。北泰雅語群中，賽考利克和四季方言組成核心北泰雅語群（Nuclear Northern Atayal），證據除了五項共同規律音變以外，亦有零星的音變與共同的詞彙創新。南泰雅語群包含萬大、澤敖利、宜蘭澤敖利、大興等四個方言，證據為原始泰雅語*q 與 *ʔ之合流和詞彙創新。南泰雅語群中，澤敖利、宜蘭澤敖利、大興等三個方言組成核心南泰雅語群（Nuclear Southern Atayal），以原始泰雅語 *ɹ 與 *y 之合流為證據。澤敖利和大興方言之間的關係最為相近，兩者組成西南泰雅語群（Southwestern Atayal），證據為*c 與 *s之合流、共同詞彙創新和零星的音變。

本文主要有三個貢獻：(1) 語言記載：本文所使用之語料主要為筆者田野調查之記錄，各方言蒐集約2000個詞條。(2) 原始泰雅語之重建：本文共重建約1100個詞條。(3) 泰雅語方言之分群：本文為第一個以語言學比較方法提出泰雅語方言分群的研究。

This study presents a description of the synchronic phonology of seven Atayal dialects, a reconstruction of Proto-Atayal phonology and lexicon, a reconstruction of some 1100 lexical items in Proto-Atayal in the appendix, and a subgrouping of the seven Atayal dialects. The seven dialects are: Squliq, Skikun, Matu’uwal, Plngawan, Klesan, S’uli, and Matu’aw. The Squliq and Matu’uwal dialects have received considerable attention in linguistic literature. The rest have had little to no research done on them, especially with regard to phonology. Data used in the dissertation is primarily from my own fieldwork, which includes approximately 2000 words on average from each dialect.

The phonological descriptions include phoneme inventories, phonotactics, as well as synchronic alternation processes. The consonant systems are largely similar across dialects, containing from 16 to 18 consonant phonemes. The main differences are: (1) the lack of a /q/ phoneme in Plngawan, Klesan, S’uli, and Matu’aw; (2) the lack of a <c> /t͡s/ phoneme in Squliq, S’uli, and Matu’aw (although Squliq is developing a phonemic contrast between <c> /t͡s/ and /s/ in some environments); and (3) the presence of a second rhotic /ɹ/ in Plngawan. The vowel systems in Atayal dialects range from 3 vowels in Matu’aw to 6 vowels in Squliq, Skikun, S’uli, and Klesan (including the marginal phoneme /ə/). Three dialects—Matu’uwal, Plngawan, and Matu’aw—preserve phonemic vowel distinctions in the third-to-last syllable, while the remaining dialects neutralize them. Phonotactically, Matu’uwal is the only dialect to preserve word-final voiced fricatives. In terms of syllable structure, all dialects except Matu’uwal allow CGVC syllables, and some allow even more complexity, with CGVGC syllables attested in Matu’aw.

The phonology of Proto-Atayal is reconstructed based on regular and recurrent sound correspondences between the dialects, in accordance with the standard Comparative Method. Proto-Atayal had a slightly larger consonant inventory than extant dialects, with a total of 19 consonant phonemes: it has the phonemes *q, *c, and *ɹ, but no modern dialect has preserved all three. In contrast to more complexity in its consonants, Proto-Atayal a simple four-vowel system, smaller than most modern Atayal dialects. Apart from the phoneme inventory, I reconstruct the phonotactics of Proto-Atayal: its syllable structure and phoneme distribution restrictions. Proto-Atayal had a relatively simple syllable structure, with the maximum syllable being CVC, and only semivowel codas allowed word-medially.

I divide the Atayal dialects into two main groups—Northern Atayal and Southern Atayal. The Northern subgroup comprises Matu’uwal, Squliq, and Skikun, and is evidenced by the common merger of Proto-Atayal word-final *-lit and *-liʔ sequences, as well as a number of lexical innovations. Within the Northern subgroup, Squliq and Skikun form the Nuclear Northern Atayal subgroup, as evidenced by no less than five common sound changes and a number of lexical innovations and shared aberrations. The Southern group consists of Plngawan, Klesan, S’uli, and Matu’aw, which share the merger of Proto-Atayal *q and *ʔ, and a number of lexical innovations. Within the Southern subgroup, Klesan, S’uli, and Matu’aw form the Nuclear Southern Atayal subgroup, sharing the merger of Proto-Atayal *ɹ and *y on the phonological side. S’uli and Matu’aw are even more closely related, forming the Southwestern Atayal subgroup, evidenced by lexical innovations and aberrations, and the merger of *c and *s. This new subgrouping is more accurate and more detailed than the previous proposal of a bidialectal divide into Squliq and C’uli’ (Utsurikawa et al. 1935).

Introduction..........................1
Literature review....................17
Phonologies of Atayal dialects.......31
Proto-Atayal phonology...............79
Proto-Atayal morphology and lexicon.151
Atayal subgrouping..................193
Conclusion..........................215
References..........................221
Appendix............................235

1. Blust, Robert. 1999. Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In Elizabeth Zeitoun and Paul Jen-kuei Li (eds.), Selected papers from the eighth international conference on Austronesian linguistics, 31–94. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
2. Blust, Robert. 2004. Austronesian nasal substitution: A survey. Oceanic Linguistics 43(1). 73–148.
3. Blust, Robert. 2013. The Austronesian languages (Asia-Pacific Linguistics Open Access Monographs). Australian National University, College of Asia; the Pacific.
4. Blust, Robert and Stephen Trussel. 2013. The Austronesian comparative dictionary: A work in progress. Oceanic Linguistics 52(2). 493–523.
5. Chang, Henry Yungli. 1995. A preliminary analysis of the focus system in Mayrinax Atayal [in Chinese]. In Paul Jen-kuei Li and Ying-chin Lin (eds.), Papers on the native languages in Taiwan, 347–368. Taipei: Ministry of Education.
6. Chang, Henry Yungli. 2004. AF verbs: Transitive, intransitive, or both? In Ying-chin Lin (ed.), Studies on Sino-Tibetan languages: Papers in honor of Professor Hwang-Cherng Gong on his seventieth birthday, 95–120. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
7. Chang, Henry Yungli. 2010. On the syntax of Formosan adverbial verb constructions. In Raphael Mercado, Eric Potsdam and Lisa Travis (eds.), Austronesian and theoretical linguistics, 183–211. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
8. Chang, Henry Yungli. 2011. Triadic encoding in Tsou. Language and Linguistics 12(4). 799–843.
9. Chang, Yiying Ann. 2012. Pronominal ordering in Plngawan Atayal. In, Proceedings of ConSOLE XIX, 177–190.
10. Chen, Christina Yin-Ling. 2011. Issues in the phonology of Ilan Atayal. National Tsing Hua University PhD thesis.
11. Chen, Hsiao Ting. 2015. A study on the polyfunctions of maki’ in Squliq Atayal. National Hsinchu University of Education Master’s thesis.
12. Chen, Joyce Yi-Jie. 2012. Affixation induced phonological variations in Plngawan Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
13. Chen, Kang. 1992. Taiwan gaoshanzu yuyan [the languages of Taiwan’s Gaoshan people]. Beijing: Minzu University of China.
14. Chen, Kang and Zhong Lin. 1985. Taiwan gaoshanzu taiye’eryu gaikuang [a brief description of the Atayal language spoken by the Gaoshan people]. Minzu yuwen 5. 68–80.
15. Chen, Sihwei. 2007. Applicative constructions in Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
16. Chen, Sihwei. 2016. Lexical aspect and aspectually unmarked predicates in Atayal. In Hiroki Nomoto, Takuya Miyauchi and Asako Shiohara (eds.), AFLA 23: The proceedings of the 23rd meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association, 65–80. Canberra: The Australian National University.
17. Chen, Sihwei. 2017a. Initial stages of events: The Atayal unmarked predicates. In Aaron Kaplan, Abby Kaplan, Miranda K. McCarvel and Edward J. Rubin (eds.), Proceedings of the 34th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 107–114. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
18. Chen, Sihwei. 2017b. Bundling perfective and perfect: The Atayal wal. In Michael Yoshitaka Erlewine (ed.), Proceedings of GLOW in Asia XI, vol. 1, 65–78. Cambridge, MA: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.
19. Chen, Sihwei. 2018. Finding semantic building blocks: Temporal and modal interpretation in Atayal. University of British Columbia PhD thesis.
20. Cheng, Hui-Wen Wendy. 2015. Non-finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal: A view from cartographic approach. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
21. Cheng, Yi-yang. 2012. Modality in Mayrinax Atayal. National Taiwan University Master’s thesis.
22. Chien, Yu-chang. 2001. 從音韻學的角度看泰雅語的標音系統：以桃山方言為例 [a phonological perspective of the Atayal writing system: The case of the Taoshan dialect]. National Hsinchu Teachers College Master’s thesis.
23. de Carvalho, Fernando O. 2015. Syllable structure and hiatus resolution in Squliq Atayal. Language and Linguistics 16(3). 347–368.
24. Egerod, Søren. 1965a. Verb inflexion in Atayal. Lingua 15. 251–282.
25. Egerod, Søren. 1965b. An English-Atayal word list. Acta Orientalia 19. 203–220.
26. Egerod, Søren. 1966a. A statement on Atayal phonology. Artibus Asiae. Supplementum 23. 120–130.
27. Egerod, Søren. 1966b. Word order and word classes in Atayal. Language 42(2). 346–369.
28. Egerod, Søren. 1969. The origin of headhunting: An Atayal text with vocabulary.
29. Egerod, Søren. 1980. Atayal-English dictionary (Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series 35). London: Curzon Press.
30. Erlewine, Michael Yoshitaka. Subject marking on non-subjects in Squliq Atayal. In, Proceedings of the 20th meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA 20).
31. Ferrell, Raleigh. 1967. Atayal vocabulary (Sqolyeq dialect). Taipei.
32. Ferrell, Raleigh. 1969. Taiwan aboriginal groups: Problems in cultural and linguistic classification (Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, Monograph). Vol. 17. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
33. Gorbunova, Irina M. 2014. Phasal polarity in Atayal. Voprosy jazykoznanija 3. 34–54.
34. Gorbunova, Irina M. 2016a. On perfect and related categories in Atayal. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana 12(2). 611–634.
35. Gorbunova, Irina M. 2016b. Spatial deixis and grammaticalization in Atayal. Voprosy jazykoznanija 4. 56–85.
36. Gorbunova, Irina M. 2016c. The Atayal language: A language without tense. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana 12(1). 364–378.
37. Gorbunova, Irina M. 2016d. The problem of constructing a typologically oriented actionality classification of predicates in a language with factitives (with Atayal as an example). Acta Linguistica Petropolitana 12(1). 65–76.
38. Greenberg, Joseph H. 1957 [2005]. The problem of linguistic subgroupings. Essays in Linguistics, 46–55. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Reprinted in Genetic linguistics: Essays on theory and method, ed. by William Croft. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
39. He, Lien-kuei and Huei-lin Wei. 1956. Local traditions of Taiwan [in Chinese]. Taipei: Zhonghua Publishing.
40. Hsiao, Stella I-Ling. 2004. Adverbials in Squliq Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
41. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2006a. Resolving vowel clusters: A comparison of Isbukun Bunun and Squliq Atayal. Language and Linguistics 7(1). 1–26.
42. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2006b. Squliq Atayal syllable onset: Simple or complex? In Henry Yungli Chang, Lillian M. Huang and Dah-an Ho (eds.), Streams converging into an ocean: Festschrift in honor of professor Paul Jen-Kuei Li on his 70th birthday (Language and Linguistics Monograph Series W-5), 489–505. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
43. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2014. Phonological patterning of prevocalic glides in Squliq Atayal. Language and Linguistics 15(6). 801–824.
44. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2015a. The phonemic status of /z/ in Squliq Atayal revisited. In Yuchau E. Hsiao and Lian-Hee Wee (eds.), Capturing phonological shades within and across languages, 243–265. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
45. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2015b. Syllable types in Bunun, Saisiyat, and Atayal. In Elizabeth Zeitoun, Stacy F. Teng and Joy J. Wu (eds.), New advances in Formosan linguistics, 47–74. Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
46. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2017. Matu’uwal (Mayrinax) Atayal vowel syncope. Poster presented at the 14th Old World Conference on Phonology (OCP-14) in Düsseldorf, February 20–22, 2017.
47. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2018. The nature of pretonic weak vowels in Squliq Atayal. Oceanic Linguistics 57(2). 265–288.
48. Huang, Hui-chuan J. 2020. Glide strengthening in Atayal: Sonority dispersion and similarity avoidance. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 29(1). 77–117.
49. Huang, Lillian M. 1993. A study of Atayal syntax. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
50. Huang, Lillian M. 1994. Ergativity in Atayal. Oceanic Linguistics 33(1). 129–143.
51. Huang, Lillian M. 1995a. The syntactic structure of Wulai and Mayrinax Atayal: A comparison. National Taiwan Normal University 40. 261–294.
52. Huang, Lillian M. 1995b. A study of Mayrinax syntax. Taipei: The Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.
53. Huang, Lillian M. 1995c. The voice system in Atayal. In Feng-fu Tsao and Mei-hui Tsai (eds.), First international symposium on languages in Taiwan, 73–98. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
54. Huang, Lillian M. 1996a. Interrogative constructions in Mayrinax Atayal. Journal of National Taiwan Normal University 41. 263–296.
55. Huang, Lillian M. 1996b. A syntactic and semantic study of -ay, -aw and -anay in Mayrinax Atayal. Studies in English Literature and Linguistics 24. 15–36.
56. Huang, Lillian M. 2000a. Verb classification in Mayrinax Atayal. Oceanic Linguistics 39(2). 364–390.
57. Huang, Lillian M. 2000b. 泰雅語參考語法 (a reference grammar of Atayal). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing.
58. Huang, Lillian M. 2001. Focus system of Mayrinax Atayal: A syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspective. Journal of Taiwan Normal University: Humanities & Social Sciences 46(1-2). 51–69.
59. Huang, Lillian M. 2002. Nominalization in Mayrinax Atayal. Language and Linguistics 3(2). 197–225.
60. Huang, Lillian M. 2006. Case marking system in Plngawan Atayal. In Henry Yungli Chang, Lillian M. Huang and Dah-an Ho (eds.), Streams converging into an ocean: Festschrift in honor of professor Paul Jen-Kuei Li on his 70th birthday (Language and Linguistics Monograph Series W-5), 205–238. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
61. Huang, Lillian M. 2008. Grammaticalization in Squliq Atayal. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics 34(2). 1–46.
62. Huang, Lillian M. and Tali’ Hayung. 2008. Syntax and semantics of p- in Squliq Atayal. Language and Linguistics 9(3). 491–521.
63. Huang, Lillian M. and Tali’ Hayung. 2011. Coordination and comitativity in Squliq Atayal. Language and Linguistics 12(1). 1–48.
64. Huang, Lillian M. and Tali’ Hayung. 2016. An introduction to Atayal grammar. New Taipei City: Council of Indigenous Peoples.
65. Huang, Lillian M. and Tali’ Hayung. 2018. An introduction to Atayal grammar. 2nd edition. New Taipei City: Council of Indigenous Peoples.
66. Huang, Lillian M., Marie Meili Yeh, Elizabeth Zeitoun, Anna H. Chang and Joy J. Wu. 1998. A typological overview of nominal case marking systems of some Formosan languages. In Shuanfan Huang (ed.), Selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan (ISOLIT-II), 21–48. Taipei: Crane.
67. Huang, Lillian M., Elizabeth Zeitoun, Marie Meili Yeh, Anna H. Chang and Joy J. Wu. 1999a. A typological overview of pronominal systems of some Formosan languages. In Hsu Wang, Feng-fu Tsao and Chin-fa Lien (eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Chinese Linguistics, 165–198. Taipei: Crane.
68. Huang, Lillian M., Elizabeth Zeitoun, Marie Meili Yeh, Anna H. Chang and Joy J. Wu. 1999b. Interrogative constructions in some Formosan languages. In Yunmei Yin, Yili Yang and Huizhen Zhan (eds.), Chinese languages and linguistics V: Interactions in language, 639–680. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
69. Huang, Shuanfan. 2005. Split O in Formosan languages—a localist interpretation. Language and Linguistics 6(4). 783–806.
70. Huang, Shuanfan. 2017. Variability and stability in Squliq Atayal syntax. Journal of Taiwanese Languages and Literature 12(1). 1–48.
71. Huang, Zong-Rong. 2013. Kiya and haniyan in Mayrinax Atayal: Their adposition and auxiliary usages. National Taiwan University Master’s thesis.
72. Kagaw Pitay. 2014. Modal constructions in R’uyan Atayal: A view from cartographic approach. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
73. Kao, Hsiao-Lin. 2010. A study of particles in C’uli Atayal. National Kaohsiung Normal University Master’s thesis.
74. Lambert, Wendy Mae. 1999. Epenthesis, metathesis, and vowel-glide alternation: Prosodic reflexes in Mabalay Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
75. Lee, Amy Pei-jung. 2009. Dorsal consonant harmony in Truku Seediq. Language and Linguistics 10(3). 569–591.
76. Lee, Amy Pei-jung. 2010. Phonology in Truku Seediq. Taiwan Journal of Indigenous Studies 3(3). 123–168.
77. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1980a. The phonological rules of Atayal dialects. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 51(2). 349–405.
78. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1980b. Men’s and women’s speech in Mayrinax. In, Papers in honor of professor Lin Yu-k’eng on her seventieth birthday, 9–17. Taipei: Wen Shin Publishing.
79. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1981. Reconstruction of Proto-Atayalic phonology. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 52. 235–301.
80. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1982a. Atayalic final voiced stops. In Amran Halim, Lois Carrington and Stephen Wurm (eds.), Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (Pacific Linguistics C-75), vol. 2: Tracking the travellers, 171–185. Canberra: Australian National University.
81. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1982b. Male and female forms of speech in the Atayalic group. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 53. 265–304.
82. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1982c. Linguistic variations of different age groups in the Atayalic dialects. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies (News Series) 14(1-2). 167–191.
83. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1983. Types of lexical derivation of men’s speech in Mayrinax. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 54(3). 1–18.
84. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1985a. Linguistic criteria for classifying the Atayalic dialect groups. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 56(4). 699–718.
85. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1985b. The position of Atayal in the Austronesian family. In Pawley and Carrington (eds.), Austronesian linguistics at the 15th Pacific Science Congress (Pacific Linguistics C-88), 257–280. Canberra: The Australian National University.
86. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1995. The case-marking system in Mayrinax, Atayal. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 66(1). 23–51.
87. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1996. The Austronesian peoples and languages of I-lan county. I-lan county government.
88. Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1998. The dialectal differences in Atayal in I-Lan. In Shuanfan Huang (ed.), Selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan (Pacific Linguistics Series c, No. 75), 49–78. Taipei: Crane.
89. Liao, Hsiu-chuan. 2004. Transitivity and ergativity in Formosan and Philippine languages. University of Hawaiʻi PhD thesis.
90. Liao, Hsiu-chuan. 2005. Another look at the order of clitic pronouns in Wulai Atayal. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics 31(1). 47–63.
91. Liao, Ying-chu (Tesing Silan). 2003. Atayal-Atayal dictionary. Nantou.
92. Liao, Ying-chu (Tesing Silan). 2014. Tayal-Chinese dictionary. Nantou.
93. Lin, Beryl Chiao-Chun. 2005. Interrogatives in Squliq Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
94. Lin, Cheng-yuan. 2012. A study of morphological structure in Mayrinax Atayal. National Hsinchu University of Education Master’s thesis.
95. Lin, Chien-Hao. 2008. Ellipsis in L’olu Atayal. National Kaohsiung Normal University Master’s thesis.
96. Lin, Hui-shan. 2015. Squliq Atayal reduplication: Bare consonant or full syllable copying? In Elizabeth Zeitoun, Stacy F. Teng and Joy J. Wu (eds.), New advances in Formosan linguistics, 75–100. Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
97. Lin, Tsong-Tse. 2016. On the syntax of topic in Mayrinax Atayal: A view from cartographic approach. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
98. Lin, Wan-Ying. 2004. Vowel epenthesis and reduplication in Squliq and C’uli’ Atayal dialects. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
99. Lin, Yu-Chih. 2013. Linguistic coding of causation in Mayrinax Atayal: A causative continuum approach. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
100. Liu, Adlay Kun-long. 2004. On relativization in Squliq Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
101. Liu, Adlay Kun-long. 2005. The structure of relative clauses in Jianshi Squliq Atayal. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics 31(2). 89–110.
102. Liu, Adlay Kun-long. 2015. Outside-in or inside-out functional uncertainty? An LFG analysis on relativisation in Jianshi Squliq Atayal. In Elizabeth Zeitoun, Stacy F. Teng and Joy J. Wu (eds.), New advances in Formosan linguistics, 183–210. Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
103. Liu, Adlay Kun-Long. 2017. Syntactic interactions with information structure in Squliq Atayal. Australian National University PhD thesis.
104. Liu, Tsai-hsiu. 2011. Complementation in three Formosan languages–Amis, Mayrinax Atayal and Tsou. University of Hawaiʻi PhD thesis.
105. Lu, Anne Yu-an. 2005. Mayrinax phonology: With special reference to UM affixation. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
106. Mei, Kuang. 1994. Word order, case marker and theta-role agreement in Mayrinax Atayal [in Chinese]. In, Proceedings of the conference on the native Formosan languages, 369–384. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
107. Ogawa, Naoyoshi. 1911. The structure of Atayal verbs. Journal of Taiwan Educational Association 110. 9–11.
108. Ogawa, Naoyoshi. 1932. Atayal vocabulary. Taipei: Taiwan Government-General.
109. Ogawa, Naoyoshi and Erin Asai. 1935. The myths and traditions of the Formosan native tribes. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Taihoku Imperial University.
110. Osthoff, Hermann and Karl Brugmann. 1878. Morphologische Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiete der indogermanischen Sprachen. Vol. 1. Leipzig: S. Hirzel.
111. Pawley, Andrew and Lawrence A. Reid. 1979. The evolution of transitive constructions in Austronesian. In Paz B. Naylor (ed.), Austronesian studies: Papers from the Second Eastern Conference on Austronesian Languages, 103–130. Ann Arbor: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, The University of Michigan.
112. Peng, Shu-fang. 2016. A study of verbal morphology in Mayrinax Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
113. Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A grammar of Atayal. Cornell University PhD thesis.
114. Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 2000a. Phonological variation and sound change in Atayal. Oceanic Linguistics 39(1). 144–156.
115. Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 2000b. Word order variation and topic continuity in Atayal. In Marian Klamer (ed.), Proceedings of AFLA 7, 211–230. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
116. Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 2004. Lexical similarity, sound change and intelligibility of Atayalic dialects. In John Bowden and Nikolaus Himmelmann (eds.), Papers on Austronesian subgrouping and dialectology (Pacific Linguistics), 37–96. Canberra: Australian National University.
117. Romero, Joaquín and Sidney Martín. 2003. Articulatory weakening as basis of historical rhotacism. In Maria-Josep Solé, Daniel Recasens and Joaquín Romero (eds.), Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 2825–2828. Barcelona: Causal Productions.
118. Ross, Malcolm. 1995. Reconstructing Proto-Austronesian verbal morphology: Evidence from Taiwan. In Paul Jen-kuei Li (ed.), Austronesian studies relating to Taiwan, 727–791. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
119. Ross, Malcolm. 2009. Proto Austronesian verbal morphology: A reappraisal. In Alexander Adelaar and Andrew Pawley (eds.), Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history: A festschrift for Robert Blust, 295–326. Pacific Linguistics.
120. Shih, Cindy Peiru. 2008. Interrogative constructions in Plngawan Atayal. National Taiwan Normal University Master’s thesis.
121. Starosta, Stanley. 1999. Transitivity, ergativity, and the best analysis of Atayal case-marking. In Elizabeth Zeitoun and Paul Jen-kuei Li (eds.), Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (8ICAL), 371–392. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
122. Su, Mei-chuan. 2004. A study of negators in Taoshan Atayal. National Hsinchu Teachers College Master’s thesis.
123. Sugiy Tosi. 2014. An analysis of the metaphoric expressions of the Squliq Atayal word inlungan. National Hsinchu University of Education Master’s thesis.
124. Sung, Li-may. 2018. An introduction to Seediq grammar. 2nd edition. New Taipei City: Council of Indigenous Peoples.
125. Tali’ Hayung. 2008. A study of the prefixes in Jianshih Atayal. National Hsinchu University of Education Master’s thesis.
126. Tang, Chih-Chen Jane. 2006. Case marking, reference and DP structure: A comparative study of Paiwan, Atayal and Chamorro. In Henry Yungli Chang, Lillian M. Huang and Dah-an Ho (eds.), Streams converging into an ocean: Festschrift in honor of professor Paul Jen-Kuei Li on his 70th birthday (Language and Linguistics Monograph Series W-5), 143–183. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
127. Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan. 2007. Conjunctive reduction and its origin: A comparative study of Tsou, Amis, and Squliq Atayal. Oceanic Linguistics 46(2). 585–602.
128. Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan. 2015. Subjecthood and temporal adjuncts in Atayal, Seediq and Tsou. In Elizabeth Zeitoun, Stacy F. Teng and Joy J. Wu (eds.), New advances in Formosan linguistics, 211–222. Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
129. Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan. 2017a. On the interaction between focus and reflexive adverbials in Atayal. Journal of Taiwanese Languages and Literature 12(1). 49–70.
130. Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan. 2017b. Self and only: A comparative study of reflexive adverbials in Squliq Atayal and Mandarin Chinese. In Gautam Sengupta, Shruti Sircar, Madhavi Gayathri Raman and Rahul Balusu (eds.), Perspectives on the architecture and acquisition of syntax, 149–170. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
131. Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan and Chun-ming Wu. 2012. Conjunctive reduction revisited: Evidence from Mayrinax Atayal and Southern Paiwan. Oceanic Linguistics 51(1). 160–181.
132. Tseng, Chiu-yu. 1988. Atayal verb classification. Fu Jen Catholic University Master’s thesis.
133. Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1975. Reconstruction of proto-tsoiuc phonology. Yale University PhD thesis.
134. Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1980a. Linguistic position of Sikikun and Manawyan: Linguistic bases of subgrouping Sqolyeq and Ts’ole dialects in Atayal. Unpublished manuscript.
135. Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1980b. Men’s and women’s speech in a Formosan language. Asahi Shinbun Evening Newspaper.
136. Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1981a. Male and female forms of speech in various Austronesian languages: Notes and queries. The Japanese Society for Oceanic Studies, Newsletter 10. 2–8.
137. Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1981b. Types of word formation of men’s speech in Atayal (Saheyan dialect).
138. Tsukida, Naomi. 2005. Seediq. In Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann (eds.), The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar, 291–325. Abingdon: Routledge.
139. Utsurikawa, Nenozō, Tōichi Mabuchi and Nobuto Miyamoto. 1935. The Formosan native tribes: A genealogical and classificatory study. Vol. 1. Taihoku: Institute of Ethnology, Taihoku Imperial University.
140. Wei, Huei-lin. 1954. Origins and classification of Taiwanese aborigines [in Chinese]. In Lin Hsiung-hsiang (ed.), Taiwanese culture essays, vol. 1, 31–46. Taipei: Chinese Culture Publishing Committee.
141. Wolff, John U. 1973. Verbal inflection in Proto-Austronesian. In Andrew B. Gonzalez (ed.), Parangal kay Cecilio Lopez: Essays in honor of Cecilio Lopez on his seventy-fifth birthday, 71–91. Quezon City: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
142. Wu, Chun-ming. 2013. The syntax of linking constructions in Mayrinax Atayal and Sinvaudjan Paiwan. National Tsing Hua University PhD thesis.
143. Wu, Chun-ming. 2017. Linking constructions in Mayrinax Atayal. Lingua Sinica 3. 6.
144. Wu, Wendy Ko-shin. 2014. Language contact and lexical borrowings in Atayal. National Tsing Hua University Master’s thesis.
145. Yamada, Yukihiro and Ying-chu Liao. 1974. A phonology of Tayal. Research Reports of the Kochi University 23(6). 109–117.
146. Yeh, Marie Meili, Lillian M. Huang, Elizabeth Zeitoun, Anna H. Chang and Joy J. Wu. 1998. A preliminary study on the negative constructions in some Formosan languages. In Shuanfan Huang (ed.), Selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan (ISOLIT-II), 79–110. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
147. Yeh, Maya Yuting. 2002. Emotion concepts in Squliq Atayal. National Taiwan University Master’s thesis.
148. Yeh, Maya Yuting. 2013. Event conceptualization and verb classification in Squliq Atayal. National Taiwan University PhD thesis.
149. Yeh, Maya Yuting. 2015. An atypical SVC? A study of BLAQ UV qu’ NP construction in Atayal. In Elizabeth Zeitoun, Stacy F. Teng and Joy J. Wu (eds.), New advances in Formosan linguistics, 131–155. Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
150. Yeh, Maya Yuting and Shuanfan Huang. 2009. A study of triple verb serialization in four Formosan languages. Oceanic Linguistics 48(1). 78–110.
151. Yeh, Maya Yuting and Shuanfan Huang. 2013. Hya’ and stance marking in Atayal. Language and Linguistics 14(1). 135.
152. Yu, Xin-xian Rex. 2008. Two types of adverbials in Mayrinax Atayal. Nanzan Linguistics Special Issue 5. 125–137.
153. Yu, Xin-Xian Rex. 2015. Modals and mood particles in Mandarin Chinese and Mayrinax Atayal. National Tsing Hua University PhD thesis.
154. Zeitoun, Elizabeth. 2000. Concerning ka-, an overlooked marker of verbal derivation in Formosan languages. Oceanic Linguistics 39(2). 391–414.
155. Zeitoun, Elizabeth, Lillian M. Huang, Marie Meili Yeh and Anna H. Chang. 1999. Existential, possessive and locative constructions in the Formosan languages. Oceanic Linguistics 38(1). 1–42.
156. Zeitoun, Elizabeth, Lillian M. Huang, Marie Meili Yeh, Anna H. Chang and Joy J. Wu. 1996. The temporal/aspectual and modal systems of the Formosan languages: A typological perspective. Oceanic Linguistics 35(1). 21–56.