影像式橢圓偏振技術和光致激發光譜是我在這篇論文主要用來研究類六角形截面氧化鋅微米柱、腸癌細胞的藥物反應現象、裸光纖圓柱、矽微米求以及氧化鋅微米球的實驗工具。在第一項研究當中，各種規格的氧化鋅微米柱使用電子顯微鏡來做初步研究(包含內部半徑、邊圓角修飾、和傾斜程度)。我們使用光致激發光譜在可見光光譜(能量在1.77電子伏特到2.76電子伏特之間)來做量測，並且將實驗結果與使用一組完整基底內的格林函數推導出來的理論分析交叉比較來得到實際的結構資訊。
在第二項研究當中，腸癌細胞的藥物反應透過探索橢圓儀在可見光範圍(波長從500奈米到750奈米)的特徵頻譜(Ψ和cos∆)作探討，並且在反射量測模式量測橢圓偏振影像(包含tanΨ、sin∆、s-和p-偏振反射率(Is和Ip)。橢圓偏振影像顯示出一些鏈波狀結構和尖銳的針尖結構，有可能是來自於腸癌細胞在服用藥物後，細胞內部所產生的共振腔電磁波或是細胞核直接產生的散射光。
在第三項研究當中，裸光纖圓柱體的邊緣效應藉由光致激發光峰值強度在空間中的分布來做研究，同時也擷取橢圓偏振儀在三種工作模式(反射模式、垂直入社的散射模式、垂直收光的散射模式)所產生的橢圓偏振影像來瞭解來分析來自裸光纖圓柱體的直接反射訊號和散射光訊號。
在第四項研究當中，矽微米球和氧化鋅微米球使用橢圓偏振系統加裝垂直方向電控奈米平移台來做研究。每當從第一個焦平面移動到第二十個焦平面的過程當中，微米球從外到內一層層的結構及共振資訊都能藉由橢圓偏振影像顯現出來。

Microscopic Imaging Ellipsometry (MIE) and Photoluminescence (PL) are two system we introduced to discover scattering properties of hexagonal-like microrod, drug-treated colon cancer cell, bare fiber rod, silica microsphere, and ZnO microsphere.
ZnO microrods of various sizes are fabricated and their individual geometric information (including the inner radius, edge profile modification, and tilt angle) are characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra in visible range (with energies between 1.77eV and 2.76eV) are compared with theoretical simulation based on Green function calculation within a nearly complete set of basis functions.
Drug-treated colon cancer cell is investigated via the spectra of characteristic parameters (Ψ and cos∆) in the visible (with wavelength between 500 nm and 750 nm) and related microscopic images, including tanΨ, sin∆, s- and p-polarized reflectances (Is and Ip) in specular-reflection mode. The MIE images revealed ripple-like outer diffraction patterns and sharp spikes related to cavity resonance modes or light scattering from nucleus inside single colon cells, which changed significantly after drug treatment.
Bare fiber rod is explored with its edge effect by PL peak count distribution and MIE spectra and images in three modes (specular, off-specular: normal detection, and off-specular: normal incidence) were investigated to realize the signal from both direct reflection and scattering emission.
Silica microsphere and ZnO microsphere are studied via MIE system with a z-axis nano-stage. As moving from the focal plane 1 to the focal plane 20, MIE images were captured layer by layer to understand their resonances and morphology from top of microsphere toward inside microsphere.

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv
Chapter 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Photoluminescence of Zinc Oxide………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Ellipsometry…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter 2. Microscopic Imaging Ellipsometry……………………………………………………… 3
2.1 System Design………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
2.2 Data Processing Based on Jones’ Matrices and Fourier
Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Chapter 3. Emission Spectra of Hexagonal Zinc Oxide Microrods
Due to Resonant Modes…………………………………………………………………………………… 10
3.1 Sample Preparation…………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
3.2 SEM Characterization……………………………………………………………………………………… 11
3.3 PL Emission Spectra………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
3.4 Theoretical Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………… 17
3.4.1 Green Function of Cylindrical Microrods………………………… 17
3.4.2 Green Function of Rods with Hexagonal Cross-
Section……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
3.4.3 Emission Intensity………………………………………………………………………………… 23
3.5 Comparison between Theory and Experiment………………………………… 25
3.5.1 Best Fitting Results…………………………………………………………………………… 25
3.5.2 Analysis of WGM Analysis………………………………………………………………… 28
3.6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
Chapter 4. Spectroscopic Microscale Imaging Ellipsometry for
Studying Effects of Drug Treatment in Colon Cancer
Cells……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
4.1 Sample Preparation…………………………………………………………………………………………… 35
4.2 Experimental Results and Analysis…………………………………………………… 37
4.2.1 Ψ and Δ Spectra………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
4.2.2 MIE Images……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
4.3 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48
Chapter 5. Scattering Properties of a Bare Fiber Rod……………………………… 50
5.1 Theoretical Derivation………………………………………………………………………………… 50
5.1.1 S-polarized Emission…………………………………………………………………………… 51
5.1.2 P-polarized Emission…………………………………………………………………………… 55
5.1.3 Calculate Ψ and Δ Spectra……………………………………………………………… 60
5.2 PL Emission near Fiber End……………………………………………………………………… 61
5.2.1 Experimental Design……………………………………………………………………………… 61
5.2.2 PL Peak Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………… 62
5.3 MIE Images of a Bare Fiber Rod…………………………………………………………… 66
5.3.1 Measurement Setup…………………………………………………………………………………… 66
5.3.2 Specular MIE Spectra and Images……………………………………………… 67
5.3.3 Off-Specular MIE Spectra and Images for Normal
Detection Case…………………………………………………………………………………………… 70
5.3.4 Off-Specular MIE Spectra and Images for Normal
Incidence Case…………………………………………………………………………………………… 74
5.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 77
Chapter 6. Scattering Images at Brewster’s Angle for Silica
Microsphere and ZnO Microsphere via Microscopic
Imaging Ellipsometry……………………………………………………………………………………… 78
6.1 Sample Preparation…………………………………………………………………………………………… 78
6.2 Calculate Brewster’s Angle……………………………………………………………………… 79
6.3 Measurement Setup……………………………………………………………………………………………… 80
6.4 MIE Image of Silica Microsphere………………………………………………………… 81
6.4.1 Specular Images………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
6.4.2 Off-Specular Images……………………………………………………………………………… 90
6.5 MIE Image of ZnO Microsphere………………………………………………………………… 97
6.5.1 Ψ and Δ Spectra………………………………………………………………………………………… 97
6.5.2 Specular Images………………………………………………………………………………………… 98
6.6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………100
Chapter 7. Conclusion and Future Work………………………………………………………………………101
References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………102
Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………112

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