本研究提出了兩種解決方案，為了充分利用氣動引擎排氣後的空氣殘留壓力，而不會造成能量浪費。 首先，以商用軟體MATLAB建立單缸與二級膨脤氣動引擎模型，再以建立好的數值分析模擬氣動引擎運轉過程中缸內壓力變化與輸出功率、扭力、效率對於轉速的關係，並分析單缸與二級膨脤氣動引擎的輸出性能與特性，並且透過實驗進行驗證。 實驗結果顯示二級膨脤氣動引擎於低轉速時，確實可以提高氣動引擎的能量使用效率。
第二部份，將氣動引擎與鋅空氣燃料電池組合使用，空氣對鋅空氣燃料電池的影響非常重要，空氣量不足會使電池效能降低，因此將氣動引擎排出的高壓空氣送入鋅空氣燃料電池，以提高鋅空氣燃料電池性能。以商用軟體COMSOL Multiphysics建立一鋅空氣燃料電池的三維模型，以驗證壓縮空氣和燃料電池性能之間的關係並對具有可控空氣流量和空氣壓力的鋅空氣燃料電池進行了實驗研究。實驗中對鋅空氣燃料電池進行定電流放電，放電過程中加入不同空氣流量及不同空氣壓力為實驗的操作參數。實驗結果顯示，隨著空氣流量和空氣壓力的增加，鋅空氣燃料電池性能得到改善。此外，觀察到空氣壓力的增加對於鋅空氣燃料電池性能的貢獻大於空氣流量的增加。

This study presents two solutions to fully use the residual pressure of air after engine exhaust without causing energy waste. First, mathematical models of a single-cylinder air engine and a two-stage expansion air engine were constructed. The relations between the rotational speed and the output power, torque, efficiency, and cylinder pressure were established using MATLAB simulation software for analyzing the air engine in comparison with experimental approaches. The experimental results indicated that the two-stage expansion air engine generated up to 1.7 kW of power and 12.42 Nm of torque at air pressure of 12 bar, which was superior to the performance of a single-cylinder air engine and favorable for applications with low rotational speed and high torque.
Secondly, a zinc-air fuel cell was employed in combination with the air engine, then, the pressurized air exhausted from the cylinder were fed into the fuel cell to improve the fuel cell performance. This study applied COMSOL Multiphysics software, a finite element approach, to establish a three-dimensional model of zinc-air fuel cell, together with the equations governing principles such as the conservation laws of mass, momentum, electric charge, and species, and appropriate boundary conditions. Subsequently, the relationship between compressed air transmission and fuel cell performance was determined. Finally, an experimental study was performed on a zinc–air fuel cell with a controllable air flow rate and pressure, and fuel cell performance was examined using the method of constant current discharge. In addition, simulation and experimental results were compared to verify the applicability of the simulation model. Results revealed that fuel cell performance was improved with increased intake air flow rate and pressure. Moreover, an increase in the air pressure was observed to contribute more to fuel cell performance than an increase in the air flow rate.

Abstract i
摘要 ii
誌謝辭 iii
Contents iv
Index of Figures vi
Index of Tables ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Background 2
1.2.1 Air engine 3
1.2.2 Metal-air fuel cell 4
1.3 Literature Review 6
1.3.1 Evaluation of high compressed air-powered vehicle 6
1.3.2 Resarch of air hybrid engine 7
1.3.3 Resarch of two-stage expansion air engine 12
1.3.4 Evaluation of zinc-air fuel cell 16
1.3.5 Research of zinc-air fuel cell 17
1.4 Research Objectives 20
Chapter 2 Theoretical analysis 22
2.1 Modeling of a piston-type compressed air engine 25
2.1.1 Thermodynamic model of a single-cyliner air engine 25
2.1.2 Thermodynamic model of a two-stage expansion air engine 27
2.2 Modeling of zinc-air fuel cell 29
Chapter 3 Results of numerical simulation 33
3.1 Numerical simulation of the single-cylinder air engine 33
3.2 Numerical simulation of the two-stage expansion air engine 37
3.3 Numerical simulation of the zinc-air fuel cell 45
Chapter 4 Experimental setup up 53
4.1 Two-stage expansion air engine experimental set up 53
4.2 Zinc-air fuel cell experimental set up 55
4.3 Experimental equipment 57
4.4 Measurement uncertainty 63
Chapter 5 Results and discussion 65
5.1 Experimental comparison of two-stage expansion and single-cylinder air engine 65
5.1.1 P-V diagram comparisons 65
5.1.2 Performance comparisons 67
5.2 Experimental results of zinc-air fuel cell 70
5.2.1 Comparison compressed air and pure oxygen 72
5.2.2 Comparison of air flow rate 73
5.2.3 Comparison of comprssed air prssure 74
5.2.4 Comparison of simulation and experimental results 75
Chapter 6 Conclusions and future work 77
6.1 Conclusions 77
6.2 Future work 79
References 81

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